从Ubuntu 21.10升级树莓Pi

Question

我有一个Raspberry Pi运行Ubuntu21.10，这是我最近了解到的EOL。不用担心，我只是升级到下一个版本(很高兴，它是一个LTS发行版).或者我是这么想的。

我想升级到Ubuntu22.04LTS，但是所有的升级工具似乎都不起作用，这让我非常困惑。

对于上下文，我习惯于使用Debian，在这里您只需编辑apt.sources.list和升级包。据我所见，在Ubuntu中，升级的首选方法似乎是do-release-upgrade工具。但是，该工具没有在我的系统上执行任何操作(而且我还没有找到任何类似于--actually-do-upgrade的命令行开关)：

anthony@planetsrv:~$ sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Your Ubuntu release is not supported anymore.
For upgrade information, please visit:
http://www.ubuntu.com/releaseendoflife

Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading.

它只是告诉我我是EOL --我知道，这就是我试图升级的原因！:) 链接只是给出了发布时间表；我没有看到任何关于从EOL版本升级的说明或提示。

在运行apt update时，我只得到404个错误：

anthony@planetsrv:~$ sudo apt update
Ign:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish InRelease
Ign:2 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates InRelease
Ign:3 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-backports InRelease
Ign:4 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security InRelease
Err:5 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Err:6 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Err:7 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-backports Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Err:8 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-backports Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: The repository 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security Release' no longer has a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

apt upgrade也是如此：

anthony@planetsrv:~$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  libfwupdplugin1
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following packages will be upgraded:
  apt apt-utils cloud-init gtk-update-icon-cache keyutils libapt-pkg6.0 libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-bin libgtk-3-common libkeyutils1 libnss-systemd libpam-systemd librados2 librbd1 libsystemd0 libudev1
  python3-distupgrade snapd systemd systemd-sysv systemd-timesyncd ubuntu-advantage-tools ubuntu-release-upgrader-core udev
24 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 41.2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 122 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Err:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates/main arm64 libnss-systemd arm64 248.3-1ubuntu8.6
  404  Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Err:2 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates/main arm64 libsystemd0 arm64 248.3-1ubuntu8.6
  404  Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
Err:3 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates/main arm64 systemd-timesyncd arm64 248.3-1ubuntu8.6

...snipping repetitive similar lines, you get the idea :)...

E: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/pool/main/s/systemd/libnss-systemd_248.3-1ubuntu8.6_arm64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/pool/main/s/systemd/libsystemd0_248.3-1ubuntu8.6_arm64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]
E: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/pool/main/s/systemd/systemd-timesyncd_248.3-1ubuntu8.6_arm64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::19 80]

...snipping some more...

E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?

我偶然发现了这个问题，这表明包已经转移到了old-releases.ubuntu.com或us.archive.ubuntu.com，但它们似乎都不适合我。我还遇到了这个问题，其中的分辨率似乎是一个完整的擦除和重新安装，我宁愿避免。

下面是我当前的sources.list (去掉评论)：

deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-updates multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security main restricted
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security universe
deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports impish-security multiverse

如何继续更新我的系统？我是否可以像在Debian中一样更新我的sources.list中的发行版名称，并以这种方式进行大的升级？或者是否有任何方法可以使原始工具(do-release-upgrade)正常工作？

Answer 1

我发现了我与old-releases服务器的问题。

因为我使用的是树莓Pi，在ARM架构上，我的sources.list看起来像deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ impish main restricted。特别要注意的是，URL以ubuntu-端口结尾。

在old-releases服务器上，它们显然不使用单独的目录来处理端口和主架构。通过将sources.list条目更新为http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/，我能够获得21.10的最新更新。

在我弄明白了sources.list之后，我就可以使用apt update和apt upgrade了，而在那个时候，do-release-upgrade能够运行并将我升级到22.04。

注意:作为我系统上apt upgrade的一部分，安装了一个新内核。此时我应该重新启动，但没有。我刚开始运行do-release-upgrade。版本升级试图卸载旧版本的内核(当前正在运行的版本，apt update替换了该版本)，但发出了一个警告：“您即将卸载当前运行的内核，您确定吗？？”。在我的例子中，我说了“不”，并且在版本升级完成后重新启动后做了一个apt autoremove。我怀疑如果我在apt upgrade__之后重新启动，我就不会看到这个问题了。

注意2:升级工具似乎对您的体系结构很聪明，并且在它自动更新我的-ports时为我重新添加了这个sources.list。

Answer 2

让您的Ubuntu更新的最佳方法应该是(作为一个命令，以便在最后一个命令之后自动执行)。

sudo apt更新& sudo apt完全升级& sudo apt自动删除

希望这能有所帮助

否则

数多apt列表--可升级& sudo apt升级

也应该起作用。不知道这是不是你想要的，我的ubuntu ^^有点生疏了