Xubuntu20.04没有正确引导，在引导上有很多错误，并且不会启动桌面环境。我怎么才能解决这个问题？

Question

以下是我所掌握的关于正在发生的事情的所有信息：

系统信息：

• 联想ThinkPad T420
• XUbuntu 20.04
• 金斯敦240 SSD A400 SATA 3 2.5“内部SSD SA400S37/240 g
• 16 RAM

安装的内核：

• Ubuntu，带有Linux5.13.0-41-泛型
• Ubuntu，带有Linux 5.13.0-41-泛型(恢复模式)
• Ubuntu，带有Linux5.4.0-110-泛型
• Ubuntu，带有Linux 5.4.0-110-泛型(恢复模式)

当我重新启动我的机器时，我会看到很多这样的错误：

         Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...
[        ] EXT4-fs (sda5): Unrecognized mount option "errors=remount -rw" or missing value
[FAILED] Failed to activate swap /swapfile.
See 'systemctl status swapfile.swap' for details
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Swap.
         Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...
[        ] EXT4-fs (sda5): Unrecognized mount option "errors=remount -rw" or missing value
[FAILED] Failed to start Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.
See 'systemctl status systemd-remount-fs.service' for details.
[FAILED] Failed to activate swap /swapfile.
See 'systemctl status swapfile.swap' for details
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Swap.
         Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems...
[        ] EXT4-fs (sda5): Unrecognized mount option "errors=remount -rw" or missing value
[FAILED] Failed to start Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.
[  OK  ] Found device KINGSTON_SA400S37240G 1.A
         Activating swap /swapfile...
         Starting File System Check.../dev/disk/by-uuid/A8E3-58E9...
[FAILED] Failed to activate swap /swapfile.
See 'systemctl status swapfile.swap' for details
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Swap.
[  OK  ] Started File System Check Daemon to report status.

当我只在GUI未启动时登录命令行时，我会看到以下内容：

/usr/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/release-upgrade-motd: 31: cannot create /var/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/release-upgrade-available: Read-only file system
mktemp: failed to create file via template '/var/lib/update-notifier/tmp.XXXXXXXXXX': Read-only file system
run-parts: /etc/update-motd.d/95-hwe-eol exited with return code 1
/usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-fsck-at-reboot: 38: cannot create /var/lib/update-notifier/fsck-at-reboot: Read-only file system

和

/lib/recovery-mode/recovery-menu: line 80: /etc/default/rcS: No such file or directory
fsck from util-linux 2.3.4
/dev/sda5: clean, 531702/14622720 files, 19917791/58476032 blocks
fsck.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
0x41: Dirty bit is set. Fs was not properly unmounted and some data may be corrupt.
 Automatically removing dirty bit.
Performing changes.
/dev/sda1: 0 files, 1/130812 clusters
Job for systemd-remount-fs.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status systemd-remount-fs.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

以下是一些命令的输出：

# lsblk

NAME      MAJ:MIN RM      SIZE   R0    TYPE    MOUNTPOINT
sda         8:0    0    223.6G    0    disk
├─sda1      8:1    0      512M    0    part    /boot/efi
├─sda2      8:2    0        1K    0    part
└─sda5      8:5    0    223.1G    0    part    /
sr0        11:0    1     1024M    0    rom

# blkid

/dev/sda5: UUID="ea1aea58-db6b-419f-bf3d-0919bb3c1443" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="fec6badc-05"
/dev/sda1: UUID="A8E3-58E9" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="fec6badc-01"

# cat /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if the disks are added and removed. See fstab (5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=ea1aea58-db6b-419f-bf3d-0919bb3c1443 /    -rw    0    1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=A8E3-58E9    /boot/efi    vfat    umask=0077    0    1
/swapfile    none    swap    sw    0    0

使用Xubuntu安装磁盘

# fdisk -l

Device     Boot   Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *       2048   1050623   1048576   512M  b W95 FAT32
/dev/sda2       1052670 468860927 467808258 223.1G  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       1052672 468860927 467808256 223.1G 83 Linux

我使用了一个Xubuntu安装磁盘来引导我的机器，并在我的磁盘上使用了gparted，这就是我所看到的：

有办法解决这个问题吗？

Answer 1

安装中的/etc/fstab

变化

UUID=ea1aea58-db6b-419f-bf3d-0919bb3c1443 /    -rw   0    1 

至

UUID=ea1aea58-db6b-419f-bf3d-0919bb3c1443 /    ext4  defaults    0    1