升级“包已被保留”如何修复？(具体情况)

Question

在升级过程中，我有一个包裹被拒之门外：

$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  mesa-opencl-icd:i386
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 1 not to upgrade.

运行apt list --upgradable之后，我看到：

“有另外两个版本。请使用'-a‘开关来查看它们。”

所以我运行apt list --upgradable -a，我看到：

Listing... Done
mesa-opencl-icd/focal-updates,focal-security 21.2.6-0ubuntu0.1~20.04.2 i386 [upgradable from: 21.0.3-0ubuntu0.3~20.04.5]
mesa-opencl-icd/now 21.0.3-0ubuntu0.3~20.04.5 i386 [installed,upgradable to: 21.2.6-0ubuntu0.1~20.04.2]
mesa-opencl-icd/focal 20.0.4-2ubuntu1 i386

在搜索之后，我看到了各种尝试修复这个问题的方法，但是它们涉及到sudo apt-get dist-upgrade，我相信这会导致问题。此外，sudo apt-get install ，但我不想强行安装的东西，我的系统是阻止我安装。

我更愿意找出发生这种情况的原因，并解决依赖关系或冲突的问题。

我在Xubuntu 20.04.4 LTS上

有人能建议如何最好地解决这个问题吗？

编辑，在sudo apt dist-upgrade之后没有结果

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
  libclang-common-12-dev
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove it.
The following packages have been kept back:
  mesa-opencl-icd:i386
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 1 not to upgrade.


$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED
  libclang-common-12-dev
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 1 to remove and 1 not to upgrade.
After this operation, 65.6 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 301137 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing libclang-common-12-dev (1:12.0.0-3ubuntu1~20.04.5) ...


$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
2 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.


$ apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
mesa-opencl-icd/focal-updates,focal-security 21.2.6-0ubuntu0.1~20.04.2 i386 [upgradable from: 21.0.3-0ubuntu0.3~20.04.5]
rsync/focal-updates,focal-security 3.1.3-8ubuntu0.3 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.1.3-8ubuntu0.2]


$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  mesa-opencl-icd:i386
The following packages will be upgraded:
  rsync
1 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 1 not to upgrade.
1 standard security update
Need to get 318 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,096 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 rsync amd64 3.1.3-8ubuntu0.3 [318 kB]
Fetched 318 kB in 0s (2,728 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 300703 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../rsync_3.1.3-8ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking rsync (3.1.3-8ubuntu0.3) over (3.1.3-8ubuntu0.2) ...
Setting up rsync (3.1.3-8ubuntu0.3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.15) ...


$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/libretro/stable/ubuntu focal InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it.

$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  mesa-opencl-icd:i386
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 1 not to upgrade.

$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  mesa-opencl-icd:i386
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 1 not to upgrade.

Answer 1

在我的系统中，我也有多个保存的包裹。在我的例子中，包没有被更新(sudo apt-get dist-upgrade)，因为更新是phased更新。

分阶段更新是一个安全特性:并不是同时向所有用户介绍它们；只有一些用户在开始报告潜在问题(有关更多信息，请参见此答案。)时才会收到它们。

您可以通过运行PackageA来检查保存的apt-cache policy PackageA是否包含分阶段更新。分阶段更新按分阶段百分比显示在“版本表”中。

Answer 2

这解决了我的问题：

sudo apt-get install aptitude 
sudo aptitude safe-upgrade

Answer 3

您可以尝试使用已安装的现有工具。对我来说：

sudo apt full-upgrade