从Ubuntu16.04LTS升级到18.04LTS(未满足的依赖项)后无法升级包

Question

我正在linux机器上运行游戏服务器，刚刚从Ubuntu16.04LTS升级到18.04LTS。连接通过SSH (命令行)进行。

服务器重新启动很好。

我可以看到，我有310个更新，可以应用。

我用：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

在第二个命令之后，我得到了以下错误消息：

Reading package lists... 
Done Building dependency tree 
Reading state information... Done 
You might want to run ‘apt-get -f install’ to correct these. The following packages have unmet dependencies. 
grub-pc: Depends: grub-common (= 2.02-2ubuntu8.23) 
grub-pc-bin : Depends: grub-common (= 2.02-2ubuntu8.23) 
grub2-common : Depends: grub-common (= 2.02-2ubuntu8.23) 
python3-apt : Depends: libapt-inst2.0 (>= 1.6.5~) but 1.2.35 is installed
Depends: libapt-pkg5.0 (>= 1.6.5~) but 1.2.35 is installed 
systemd : Depends: libsystemd0 (= 229-4ubuntu21.31) but 237-3ubuntu10.53 is installed 
udev : Depends: libudev1 (= 229-4ubuntu21.31) but 237-3ubuntu10.53 is installed 
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.

接下来，我试着：

sudo apt -f install

其结果是：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer
required:
cgmanager fonts-ubuntu-font-family-console libcgmanager0
libcryptsetup4
libgomp1 libmpc3 libquadmath0 libsub-name-perl
linux-image-3.13.0-164-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-164-generic
python3.5 python3.5-minimal
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
apt apt-transport-https apt-utils grub-common libapt-inst2.0
libapt-pkg5.0
libgnutls-openssl27 libgnutls30 libidn2-0 libpam-systemd libtasn1-6
libunistring2 networkd-dispatcher systemd udev
Suggested packages:
apt-doc aptitude | synaptic | wajig dpkg-dev multiboot-doc grub-emu
xorriso
desktop-base gnutls-bin systemd-container
The following packages will be REMOVED
systemd-shim
The following NEW packages will be installed
libidn2-0 libunistring2 networkd-dispatcher
The following packages will be upgraded:
apt apt-transport-https apt-utils grub-common libapt-inst2.0
libapt-pkg5.0
libgnutls-openssl27 libgnutls30 libpam-systemd libtasn1-6 systemd
udev
12 to upgrade, 3 to newly install, 1 to remove and 366 not to upgrade.
5 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/9,316 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2,167 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 104742 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing systemd-shim (9-1bzr4ubuntu1) ...
Removing 'diversion of /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service to /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service.systemd
by systemd-shim'
dpkg-divert: error: rename involves overwriting
'/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service'
with  different file
'/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service.systemd',
not allowed
dpkg: error processing package systemd-shim (--remove):
installed systemd-shim package post-removal script subprocess
returned error exit status 2 Errors were encountered while processing:
systemd-shim
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

我尝试过各种其他命令：

sudo apt clean
sudo apt autoclean

和

sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -f

我还是会犯同样的错误。

我对Linux一点也不了解(我“继承”了前一位想退休的所有者的服务器)。据我所知，我既不能升级这些软件包，也不能从18.04 LTS升级到20.04 LTS (也尝试了后者)。去20.04 LTS是我的目标。

有人知道我能做什么吗？请详细描述一下，以便我能跟随你的脚步。

谢谢!

编辑:根据guiverc的建议，我运行了sudo恰当的更新：

Hit:1 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:2 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:3 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB]
Get:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:5 https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu bionic-infra-security InRelease [7,458 B]
Get:6 https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu bionic-infra-updates InRelease [7,457 B]
Fetched 267 kB in 0s (406 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
378 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

Answer 1

好吧，一个朋友帮我解决了依赖问题。我会把我们在这里做的事写下来。

首先，我们尝试手动升级所有依赖项，但是在解决了所有依赖项错误之后，在删除systemd时，包的升级仍然失败。

我们通过删除与systemd卸载相关的文件来解决这个问题：

sudo cp /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service /tmp/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service

sudo rm /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service

检查该文件是否已用

sudo ls -l /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service

它应该说“没有这样的文件或目录”。

然后，我们升级了依赖项：

sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install systemd udev libpam-systemd libapt-inst2.0 libapt-pkg5.0 grub-common

安装过程中没有任何错误，但我的朋友说，只有在下次重新启动后，我们才能确定是否一切正常。因为我现在已经有球员了(我想我今天不会完成这个任务，并重新启动我们的游戏过程)，我会重新启动其他时间。希望能重新打开..。