软件包不会更新，系统也不会升级

Question

尝试从Ubuntu20.04升级到20.10 (更新程序提供了升级)，当我单击“升级”按钮时，什么都不会发生，更新程序就会退出。尝试从命令行也没有错误，直到我注意到有一个包需要升级，但我不知道如何做。下面是我的尝试，我希望这不是太多的信息！我不知道还有什么好尝试的，有什么想法吗？

我终于能够得到一个有意义的错误，所以我附加了命令行文本。仍然没有解决办法，但一个错误是一个起点！

    $ sudo apt upgrade
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    Calculating upgrade... Done
    The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
      adobe-flash-properties-gtk libllvm10 libllvm10:i386
    Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
    The following packages will be upgraded:
      libxnvctrl0 ubuntu-advantage-tools
    2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    Need to get 784 kB of archives.
    After this operation, 2,331 kB of additional disk space will be used.
    Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
    Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-advantage-tools amd64 27.0.2~20.04.1 [773 kB]
    Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libxnvctrl0 amd64 460.39-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 [11.0 kB]
    Fetched 784 kB in 1s (987 kB/s)        
    Preconfiguring packages ...
    (Reading database ... 452762 files and directories currently installed.)
    Preparing to unpack .../ubuntu-advantage-tools_27.0.2~20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
    Unpacking ubuntu-advantage-tools (27.0.2~20.04.1) over (20.3) ...
    Preparing to unpack .../libxnvctrl0_460.39-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
    Unpacking libxnvctrl0:amd64 (460.39-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) over (440.64-0ubuntu1) ...
    Setting up libxnvctrl0:amd64 (460.39-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
    Setting up ubuntu-advantage-tools (27.0.2~20.04.1) ...
    Installing new version of config file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf ..
    .
    Installing new version of config file /etc/ubuntu-advantage/uaclient.conf ...
    Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ua-reboot-cmds.servi
    ce → /lib/systemd/system/ua-reboot-cmds.service.
    Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/timers.target.wants/ua-messaging.timer → /li
    b/systemd/system/ua-messaging.timer.
    Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
    Processing triggers

$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  adobe-flash-properties-gtk libllvm10 libllvm10:i386
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libxnvctrl0 ubuntu-advantage-tools
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 784 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2,331 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-advantage-tools amd64 27.0.2~20.04.1 [773 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libxnvctrl0 amd64 460.39-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 [11.0 kB]
Fetched 784 kB in 1s (987 kB/s)        
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 452762 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../ubuntu-advantage-tools_27.0.2~20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking ubuntu-advantage-tools (27.0.2~20.04.1) over (20.3) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libxnvctrl0_460.39-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libxnvctrl0:amd64 (460.39-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) over (440.64-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libxnvctrl0:amd64 (460.39-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Setting up ubuntu-advantage-tools (27.0.2~20.04.1) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20apt-esm-hook.conf ..
.
Installing new version of config file /etc/ubuntu-advantage/uaclient.conf ...
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ua-reboot-cmds.servi
ce → /lib/systemd/system/ua-reboot-cmds.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/timers.target.wants/ua-messaging.timer → /li
b/systemd/system/ua-messaging.timer.
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
libdvd-pkg: Package libdvdcss2-1.4.2-1 was removed, stop processing...

$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  adobe-flash-properties-gtk libllvm10 libllvm10:i386
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  adobe-flash-properties-gtk libllvm10 libllvm10:i386
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
After this operation, 143 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 452781 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing adobe-flash-properties-gtk (1:20201231.1-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Removing libllvm10:amd64 (1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1) ...
Removing libllvm10:i386 (1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
libdvd-pkg: Package libdvdcss2-1.4.2-1 was removed, stop processing...

$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

$ sudo do-release-upgrade
sudo: do-release--upgrade: command not found

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
Release:    20.04
Codename:   focal

$ sudo update-manager
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading.

$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease               
Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu focal InRelease  
Hit:4 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal InRelease                      
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it.

$ sudo apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
libgegl-0.4-0/focal 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa amd64 [upgradable from: 0.4.22-3]
N: There is 1 additional version. Please use the '-a' switch to see it

$ sudo apt list --upgradable -a
Listing... Done
libgegl-0.4-0/focal 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa amd64 [upgradable from: 0.4.22-3]
libgegl-0.4-0/focal,now 0.4.22-3 amd64 [installed,upgradable to: 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa]

$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
Hit:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease               
Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu focal InRelease  
Hit:4 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

$ sudo apt --only-upgrade install 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa

$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa
E: Couldn't find any package by glob '1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex '1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa'

$ sudo apt full-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

$ sudo apt-get --with-new-pkgs upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
    libdvd-pkg: Package libdvdcss2-1.4.2-1 was removed, stop processing...
    
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    Calculating upgrade... Done
    The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
      adobe-flash-properties-gtk libllvm10 libllvm10:i386
    Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    
$ sudo apt autoremove
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    The following packages will be REMOVED:
      adobe-flash-properties-gtk libllvm10 libllvm10:i386
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
    After this operation, 143 MB disk space will be freed.
    Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
    (Reading database ... 452781 files and directories currently installed.)
    Removing adobe-flash-properties-gtk (1:20201231.1-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
    Removing libllvm10:amd64 (1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1) ...
    Removing libllvm10:i386 (1:10.0.0-4ubuntu1) ...
    Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
    libdvd-pkg: Package libdvdcss2-1.4.2-1 was removed, stop processing...
    
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    Calculating upgrade... Done
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    
$ sudo do-release--upgrade
    sudo: do-release--upgrade: command not found
    
$ lsb_release -a
    No LSB modules are available.
    Distributor ID: Ubuntu
    Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
    Release:    20.04
    Codename:   focal
    
$ sudo update-manager
    Checking for a new Ubuntu release
    Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading.
    
$ sudo apt update
    Hit:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
    Hit:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease               
    Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu focal InRelease  
    Hit:4 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal InRelease                      
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it.
    
$ sudo apt list --upgradable
    Listing... Done
    libgegl-0.4-0/focal 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa amd64 [upgradable from: 0.4.22-3]
    N: There is 1 additional version. Please use the '-a' switch to see it
   
$ sudo apt upgrade
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    Calculating upgrade... Done
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
    Hit:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
    Hit:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease               
    Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu focal InRelease  
    Hit:4 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it.
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    Calculating upgrade... Done
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    
$ sudo apt --only-upgrade install 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    E: Unable to locate package 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa
    
$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    E: Unable to locate package 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa
    E: Couldn't find any package by glob '1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa'
    E: Couldn't find any package by regex '1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa'
    
$ sudo apt full-upgrade
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    Calculating upgrade... Done
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    
$ sudo apt upgrade
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    Calculating upgrade... Done
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    
$ sudo apt-get --with-new-pkgs upgrade
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    Calculating upgrade... Done
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
    
$ sudo apt autoremove
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
    
$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

出现了错误，似乎为了升级，需要安装一些不可用的东西：

$ sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading.

$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install libgegl-0.4-0
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgegl-0.4-0 : Depends: libopenexr23 but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

$ sudo apt-get install libopenexr23
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package libopenexr23 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
However the following packages replace it:
  libopenexr24:i386 libopenexr24

E: Package 'libopenexr23' has no installation candidate

$ sudo apt-get install libopenexr24:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libilmbase24:i386
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libilmbase24:i386 libopenexr24:i386
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 677 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3,770 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe i386 libilmbase24 i386 2.3.0-6build1 [75.8 kB]
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe i386 libopenexr24 i386 2.3.0-6ubuntu0.5 [601 kB]
Fetched 677 kB in 1s (1,003 kB/s)                                               
Selecting previously unselected package libilmbase24:i386.
(Reading database ... 452769 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libilmbase24_2.3.0-6build1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libilmbase24:i386 (2.3.0-6build1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libopenexr24:i386.
Preparing to unpack .../libopenexr24_2.3.0-6ubuntu0.5_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libopenexr24:i386 (2.3.0-6ubuntu0.5) ...
Setting up libilmbase24:i386 (2.3.0-6build1) ...
Setting up libopenexr24:i386 (2.3.0-6ubuntu0.5) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
libdvd-pkg: Package libdvdcss2-1.4.2-1 was removed, stop processing...

$ sudo apt-get install libopenexr24
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
libopenexr24 is already the newest version (2.3.0-6ubuntu0.5).
libopenexr24 set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install libgegl-0.4-0
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgegl-0.4-0 : Depends: libopenexr23 but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install libopenexr23
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Package libopenexr23 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
However the following packages replace it:
  libopenexr24:i386 libopenexr24

E: Package 'libopenexr23' has no installation candidate

根据评论提供的额外产出：

$ apt-cache depends 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa
E: No packages found

$ apt show 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa | grep Section:

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

E: No packages found
$ sudo apt remove 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa  
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa

$ sudo apt purge 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa

$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.

根据一个答案得出的结果：

$ sudo apt clean

$ sudo apt update
Hit:1 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Hit:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease                                                                                  
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]                                                                  
Hit:4 http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu focal InRelease                                        
Fetched 114 kB in 1s (133 kB/s)                          
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it.

$ sudo apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

从评论中添加的输出：

$ sudo apt-get -s install --reinstall libgegl-0.4-0=0.4.22-3
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Inst libgegl-0.4-0 [0.4.22-3] (0.4.22-3 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [amd64])
Conf libgegl-0.4-0 (0.4.22-3 Ubuntu:20.04/focal [amd64])

Answer 1

检查其他软件包是否依赖于不能升级的1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa。

apt-cache depends 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa

显示无法升级的1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa软件包的软件库。如果这个存储库是不再需要的PPA，那么可以用ppa-清除来删除它。

apt show 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa | grep Section:

apt show 1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa的空白结果表明，未安装1:0.4.18+om-0ubu20.04.18~ppa。从/var/cache/apt中删除apt缓存。

sudo apt clean
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Answer 2

所有的命令行工具和函数似乎都不起作用，所以我最终求助于GUI。通过去

软件更新->设置->Ubuntu软件和选择主服务器而不是服务器为美国，

然后

软件更新->设置->其他软件和取消检查除Conanical Partners以外的所有东西，

升级按其应有的方式进行。