因为更新导致了apt-get的问题

Question

几天前，我进行了Ubuntu更新，因此无法登录我的计算机，所以我错误地在内核中删除了更新版本，但我能够继续工作。

现在的问题是，每次我使用apt-get命令时，它都以以下行结束(例如，试图安装ruby)：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
ruby is already the newest version (1:2.5.1).
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  command-not-found-data gcc-5-base gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0
  gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-totemplparser-1.0
  gyp libdmapsharing-3.0-2 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgsoap-2.8.60
  libhttp-parser2.7.1 libjs-async libjs-inherits libjs-node-uuid libnetplan0
  libsgutils2-2 libssl1.0-dev libuv1 libuv1-dev libvncserver1 libxatracker2
  libxnvctrl0 libxvmc1 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-42
  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-56 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-58
  linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-59 linux-hwe-5.4-headers-5.4.0-62 node-abbrev
  node-ansi node-ansi-color-table node-archy node-async node-balanced-match
  node-block-stream node-brace-expansion node-combined-stream node-concat-map
  node-cookie-jar node-delayed-stream node-forever-agent node-form-data
  node-fs.realpath node-fstream node-fstream-ignore node-github-url-from-git
  node-glob node-graceful-fs node-gyp node-hosted-git-info node-inflight
  node-inherits node-ini node-isexe node-json-stringify-safe node-lockfile
  node-lru-cache node-mime node-minimatch node-mkdirp node-mute-stream
  node-node-uuid node-nopt node-npmlog node-once node-osenv
  node-path-is-absolute node-pseudomap node-qs node-read node-request
  node-retry node-rimraf node-semver node-sha node-slide node-spdx-correct
  node-spdx-expression-parse node-spdx-license-ids node-tar node-tunnel-agent
  node-underscore node-validate-npm-package-license node-which node-wrappy
  node-yallist nodejs-doc pkg-config
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
Setting up linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
/etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.4.0-65-generic
Error! Could not locate dkms.conf file.
File:  does not exist.
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 4
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04:
 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 depends on linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic; however:
  Package linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic-hwe-18.04:
 linux-generic-hwe-18.04 depends on linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 (= 5.4.0.65.73~18.04.60); however:
  Package linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-generic-hwe-18.04 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                          No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                    Processing triggers for linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.4.0-65-generic
Error! Could not locate dkms.conf file.
File:  does not exist.
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 4
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic
 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04
 linux-generic-hwe-18.04
 linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

我怎么才能修好它？(也许这是一件愚蠢的事情，但我不是一个使用Ubuntu的专业人士，所以如果事先抱歉的话)。

编辑：

运行sudo apt autoremove之后：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
Setting up linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
/etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.4.0-65-generic
Error! Could not locate dkms.conf file.
File:  does not exist.
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 4
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04:
 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 depends on linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic; however:
  Package linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic-hwe-18.04:
 linux-generic-hwe-18.04 depends on linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 (= 5.4.0.65.73~18.04.60); however:
  Package linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-generic-hwe-18.04 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
     No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
          Processing triggers for linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.4.0-65-generic
Error! Could not locate dkms.conf file.
File:  does not exist.
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 4
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic
 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04
 linux-generic-hwe-18.04
 linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

运行sudo apt purge后

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
Setting up linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
/etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.4.0-65-generic
Error! Could not locate dkms.conf file.
File:  does not exist.
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 4
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04:
 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 depends on linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic; however:
  Package linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic-hwe-18.04:
 linux-generic-hwe-18.04 depends on linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 (= 5.4.0.65.73~18.04.60); however:
  Package linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-generic-hwe-18.04 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
     No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
          Processing triggers for linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.4.0-65-generic
Error! Could not locate dkms.conf file.
File:  does not exist.
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 4
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic
 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04
 linux-generic-hwe-18.04
 linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

运行sudo apt-get -f install后

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
Setting up linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
/etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.4.0-65-generic
Error! Could not locate dkms.conf file.
File:  does not exist.
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 4
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04:
 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 depends on linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic; however:
  Package linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic-hwe-18.04:
 linux-generic-hwe-18.04 depends on linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 (= 5.4.0.65.73~18.04.60); however:
  Package linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-generic-hwe-18.04 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
     No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
          Processing triggers for linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (5.4.0-65.73~18.04.1) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
 * dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 5.4.0-65-generic
Error! Could not locate dkms.conf file.
File:  does not exist.
   ...fail!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 4
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic (--configure):
 installed linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-headers-5.4.0-65-generic
 linux-headers-generic-hwe-18.04
 linux-generic-hwe-18.04
 linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

运行sudo dpkg-reconfigure linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic后

/usr/sbin/dpkg-reconfigure: linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic is broken or not fully installed

运行sudo dpkg-reconfigure --force linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic后，没有输出

Answer 1

对于apt-get，你是说apt-get install？

首先，输出告诉您，已经安装了ruby。

然后，它列出了不需要的包，并在最后告诉您如何删除它们，sudo apt autoremove，我建议您在sudo apt purge之后也运行

在第二组错误消息中，dpkg (基本上是apt调用的程序)告诉您，有不存在的配置文件和b)，您有依赖关系问题，所以我会尝试sudo apt-get -f install (-f steht für补丁缺失)。

可能配置错误仍然存在，因此我将尝试重新配置sudo dpkg-reconfigure linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic，并对linux标头泛型-hwe-18.04 linux-泛型-18.04 linux-映像-5.4.0-65泛型进行相同的配置。

如果您遇到错误，或者没有解决问题，请尝试sudo dpkg-reconfigure --force linux-image-5.4.0-65-generic等。但是，请注意，我不确定这是最后一个命令。我认为这不应该是危险的，但我不能百分之百肯定。

谢谢你给我一个学习自己的机会！

sidenote apt和apt-get is 几乎一样，但apt更方便用户使用.

亲初学者tipp:尝试经常使用man yourprogram或更好的man yourprogramm | less -p "specific function inside the program"。然后用"n“滚动到已找到搜索表达式的不同实例(以及shift+n返回一个搜索词)示例：man less | less -p "-p"在程序手册中搜索的搜索模式"-p”较少。这也适用于帮助标志。egs。less --help | less -p "-p"。大多数情况下--帮助或-h只提供比男人更粗糙的帮助，但有时没有手册。|将第一条命令的输出传递给第二条命令。因此，较少通过-p搜索整个手册页，并在搜索模式的第一次出现时开始其输出。

使用man -K "Search-Pattern"搜索每个手册页的搜索模式(慢速！)使用apropos "search-pattern"，您可以在程序描述中搜索一个模式，结果是程序名称。

最后一个亲初学者提示:使用sudo apt install tldr安装tldr (太长时间没有阅读)，因为使用tldr programm，您可以获得很多最常用的用例--一个程序的用例，通常是灵感。

最后：!！重复最后一个命令。所以和苏多!！您可以在忘记放置sudo的地方重复一个命令;)