由于efibootmgr :未能准备引导变量:无效参数:帮助，grub-安装失败

Question

在sudo apt upgrade之后，grub-install失败了，所以我不得不在LiveUbuntu18.04USB上重新启动。

在将/proc、/dev、/dev/pts、/run、/sys、/sys/firmware/efi/efivars安装到/mnt/destinationVGDir/ i chroot到ubuntu on /dev/sda并重新运行grub-install之后：

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo chroot /mnt/destinationVGDir/
root@ubuntu:/# mount -a # Mounts all other filesystems including /boot/efi
root@ubuntu:/# grub-install 
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
File descriptor 4 (/dev/sda1) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 18151: grub-install
File descriptor 4 (/dev/sda1) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 18151: grub-install
Could not prepare Boot variable: Invalid argument
grub-install: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Input/output error.

如果执行grub-install -v，您可以看到efibootmgr是这里的失败之处：

root@ubuntu:/# grub-install -v 2>&1 | uniq | tail
grub-install: info: copying `/usr/lib/shim/BOOTX64.CSV' -> `/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/BOOTX64.CSV'.
grub-install: info: copying `/boot/grub/x86_64-efi/load.cfg' -> `/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/grub.cfg'.
grub-install: info: copying `/usr/lib/shim/shimx64.efi.signed' -> `/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi'.
grub-install: info: copying `/usr/lib/shim/fbx64.efi' -> `/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/fbx64.efi'.
grub-install: info: Registering with EFI: distributor = `ubuntu', path = `\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi', ESP at hostdisk//dev/sda,gpt1.
grub-install: info: executing efibootmgr --version /dev/null.
grub-install: info: executing modprobe -q efivars.
grub-install: info: executing efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -w -L ubuntu -l \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi.
Could not prepare Boot variable: Invalid argument
grub-install: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Input/output error.
root@ubuntu:/# efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -w -L ubuntu -l \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi
Could not prepare Boot variable: Invalid argument
root@ubuntu:/# efibootmgr -v -v -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -w -L ubuntu -l \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi
Could not prepare Boot variable: Invalid argument
error trace:
 efivarfs.c:351 efivarfs_set_variable(): write failed: Invalid argument
 lib.c:81 _efi_set_variable_mode(): ops->set_variable() failed: Invalid argument
 efibootmgr.c:323 make_var(): efi_set_variable failed: Invalid argument
 efibootmgr.c:333 make_var(): Could not set variable Boot0000: Invalid argument
root@ubuntu:/# 

我的SSD很好：

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo smartctl -A /dev/sda
smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-5.4.0-42-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 1
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1947
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       673
177 Wear_Leveling_Count     0x0013   099   099   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       1
179 Used_Rsvd_Blk_Cnt_Tot   0x0013   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
181 Program_Fail_Cnt_Total  0x0032   100   100   010    Old_age   Always       -       0
182 Erase_Fail_Count_Total  0x0032   100   100   010    Old_age   Always       -       0
183 Runtime_Bad_Block       0x0013   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
187 Uncorrectable_Error_Cnt 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0032   069   049   000    Old_age   Always       -       31
195 ECC_Error_Rate          0x001a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
199 CRC_Error_Count         0x003e   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
235 POR_Recovery_Count      0x0012   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       30
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0032   099   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       1179332232

EDIT0 :下面是我在chroot之前安装的特殊文件系统：

root@ubuntu:/# mount | grep -v ext4
proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=2947064k,nr_inodes=736766,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
/dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
root@ubuntu:/# 

EDIT1 :由于@SamyAbdellatif，在grub-install命令中添加--no-nvram选项不会出现此错误：

root@ubuntu:~# grub-install --no-nvram 
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
File descriptor 4 (/dev/sda1) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 6065: grub-install
File descriptor 4 (/dev/sda1) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 6065: grub-install
Installation finished. No error reported.
root@ubuntu:~# 

现在，如果我重新安装grub-efi-amd64-signed来模拟更新，则不使用grub-install的--no-nvram选项和pb。重新出现：

root@ubuntu:~# apt install --reinstall grub-efi-amd64-signed
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  grub-efi-amd64-signed
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/300 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3459 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package grub-efi-amd64-signed.
(Reading database ... 475217 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../grub-efi-amd64-signed_1.93.22+2.02-2ubuntu8.20_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking grub-efi-amd64-signed (1.93.22+2.02-2ubuntu8.20) ...
Setting up grub-efi-amd64-signed (1.93.22+2.02-2ubuntu8.20) ...
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
File descriptor 4 (/dev/sda1) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 6191: grub-install
File descriptor 4 (/dev/sda1) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 6191: grub-install
Could not prepare Boot variable: Invalid argument
grub-install: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Input/output error.
dpkg: error processing package grub-efi-amd64-signed (--configure):
 installed grub-efi-amd64-signed package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 grub-efi-amd64-signed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

EDIT2:当我重新启动时，只有一个黑屏幕。在重新检查Live之后，我可以看到Ubuntu没有EFI启动条目：

root@ubuntu:~# efibootmgr | grep -i ubuntu
root@ubuntu:~# 

EDIT3 :我删除了grub-efi-amd64-signed包，因为mokutil --sb-state表示This system doesn't support Secure Boot并重新安装了grub-efi-amd64：

root@ubuntu:~# apt install --reinstall -V grub-efi-amd64
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/47.9 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 475223 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../grub-efi-amd64_2.02-2ubuntu8.20_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking grub-efi-amd64 (2.02-2ubuntu8.20) over (2.02-2ubuntu8.20) ...
Setting up grub-efi-amd64 (2.02-2ubuntu8.20) ...
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
File descriptor 3 (pipe:[189443]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 16137: grub-
install
File descriptor 5 (/dev/sda1) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 16137: grub-inst
all
File descriptor 3 (pipe:[189443]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 16137: grub-
install
File descriptor 5 (/dev/sda1) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 16137: grub-inst
all
Could not prepare Boot variable: Invalid argument
grub-install: error: efibootmgr failed to register the boot entry: Input/output err
or.
Failed: grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --no-extra-removable 
WARNING: Bootloader is not properly installed, system may not be bootable
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-42-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-128-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-128-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-122-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-122-generic
done

仍然存在WARNING: Bootloader is not properly installed, system may not be bootable错误，因此我使用--no-nvram选项手动运行D32：

root@ubuntu:~# grub-install --no-nvram
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
File descriptor 4 (/dev/sda1) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 20234: grub-install
File descriptor 4 (/dev/sda1) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 20234: grub-install
Installation finished. No error reported

grub-install --no-nvram没有报告错误，但没有创建任何ubuntu引导条目：

root@ubuntu:~# efibootmgr | grep -i ubuntu
root@ubuntu:~# 

EDIT3.1：grub-install --removable没有报告错误，但也没有创建任何ubuntu引导条目。

EDIT4 :我的/etc/fstab：

root@ubuntu:~# grep -v ^# /etc/fstab
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/rootFS /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/boot /boot           ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
UUID=9ADF-05E5  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults,noatime        0       1
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/home /home           ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/opt /opt            ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/tmp /tmp            ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/usr /usr            ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/usr_local /usr/local      ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/var /var            ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/var_cache /var/cache      ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/var_lib_snapd /var/lib/snapd           ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/var_mail /var/mail      ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/var_tmp /var/tmp        ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
/dev/VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB/photos /photos        ext4    defaults,noatime        0       2
root@ubuntu:~# 

以及lsblk的输出：

root@ubuntu:~# lsblk 
NAME                                               MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0                                                7:0    0     2G  1 loop 
loop1                                                7:1    0  29.9M  1 loop 
loop2                                                7:2    0    55M  1 loop 
loop3                                                7:3    0 255.6M  1 loop 
loop4                                                7:4    0  62.1M  1 loop 
loop5                                                7:5    0  49.8M  1 loop 
sda                                                  8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1                                               8:1    0   256M  0 part /boot/efi
└─sda2                                               8:2    0 465.5G  0 part 
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-boot          253:0    0     1G  0 lvm  /boot
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-opt           253:1    0     7G  0 lvm  /opt
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-rootFS        253:2    0     2G  0 lvm  /
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-var_lib_snapd 253:3    0    10G  0 lvm  /var/lib/snapd
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-tmp           253:4    0    10G  0 lvm  /tmp
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-usr_local     253:5    0     7G  0 lvm  /usr/local
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-usr           253:6    0    20G  0 lvm  /usr
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-var_cache     253:7    0     5G  0 lvm  /var/cache
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-var_mail      253:8    0    20G  0 lvm  /var/mail
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-var_tmp       253:9    0     2G  0 lvm  /var/tmp
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-var           253:10   0     6G  0 lvm  /var
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-VMs           253:11   0  75.5G  0 lvm  
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-.q            253:12   0    90G  0 lvm  
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-home          253:13   0   100G  0 lvm  /home
  ├─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-datas         253:14   0    60G  0 lvm  
  └─VG_ALL_Samsung_SSD_850_EVO_500GB-photos        253:15   0    50G  0 lvm  
sdc                                                  8:32   1  28.9G  0 disk 
├─sdc1                                               8:33   1  28.9G  0 part 
│ └─ventoy                                         253:16   0   2.6G  1 dm   
└─sdc2                                               8:34   1    32M  0 part 
sr0                                                 11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
root@ubuntu:~# 

要在我的系统上重新安装grub，我需要使用更新的GRUB-2通用包还是更新的efibootmgr包？

Answer 1

确保在UEFI模式下引导，并禁用bios中的安全引导。

将分区和chroot安装到系统后，请尝试

grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=GRUB --efi-directory=/boot/efi --no-nvram --removable