无法用mailx发送邮件

Question

有人能帮忙处理这个错误吗？：

mailx -s "test message" recipient@gmail.com Cc: This is a test message
cannot send message: Process exited with a non-zero status

当我试图使用命令行中的mailx时，我得到了这个。

Answer 1

我对您最好的建议是为此目的实际使用s-nail，这比在Ubuntu中提供的各种版本的mailx / bsd-mailx / heirloom-mailx等更加省事。特别是，s-nail可以直接发送到外部SMTP服务器(如Gmail)，而无需增加应用程序的复杂性，例如后缀。

s-nail可以按以下方式安装：

sudo apt-get install s-nail

然后您需要创建一个配置文件并适当地设置权限：

touch ~/.mailrc
chmod 0600 ~/.mailrc

使用您最喜欢的文本编辑器打开此文件，并将以下信息粘贴到其中。注意我用'xxxxx‘标记的部分，您需要添加自己的详细信息(通常是用户名和密码)：

#--------------------------------------------#
# Setting mailx version v14.9.15 for gmail   #
#--------------------------------------------#

# Testing syntax:
# echo "Testing, Testing, Testing" | s-nail -s "My test..." xxxx@gmail.com

# Use v15.0 compatibility mode
set v15-compat

# See the whole process, especially for troubleshooting:
set verbose

# Essential setting: select allowed character sets
set sendcharsets=utf-8,iso-8859-1
# and reply in the same charset used by sender:
set reply-in-same-charset

# Default directory where we act in (relative to $HOME)
set folder=mail

# My actual address obfuscated here:
set from="xxxxxxxx@gmail.com"

# Request strict TLL transport layer security checks
set tls-verify=strict
set tls-ca-file=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
set tls-ca-no-defaults
set smtp-use-starttls
set smtp-auth=login

# When sending messages, wait until the Mail-Transfer-Agent finishes.
# Only like this you will be able to see errors reported through the
# exit status of the MTA (including the built-in SMTP one)!
set sendwait

# And of course put your own gmail username and
# App Password here in the obvious places:

set mta=smtps://username:password@smtp.gmail.com:465
#--------------------------------------------#

我已经在我的Ubuntu20.04系统上设置了这个系统，它运行得非常完美。请参阅下面我已经运行了建议的测试电子邮件(注意，我已经咀嚼了测试电子邮件地址)：

$ echo "Testing, Testing, Testing" | s-nail -s "My test..." xxxxx@gmail.com
s-nail: P(seudo)R(andom)N(umber)G(enerator): *TLS RAND_*
s-nail: Resolving host smtp.gmail.com:465 ... done
s-nail: Connecting to 74.125.130.108:465 ...  connected.
s-nail:  Certificate depth 2 
s-nail:   subject = /OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2/O=GlobalSign/CN=GlobalSign
s-nail:   notBefore = Dec 15 08:00:00 2006 GMT
s-nail:   notAfter = Dec 15 08:00:00 2021 GMT
s-nail:   issuer = /OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2/O=GlobalSign/CN=GlobalSign
s-nail:  Certificate depth 1 
s-nail:   subject = /C=US/O=Google Trust Services/CN=GTS CA 1O1
s-nail:   notBefore = Jun 15 00:00:42 2017 GMT
s-nail:   notAfter = Dec 15 00:00:42 2021 GMT
s-nail:   issuer = /OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R2/O=GlobalSign/CN=GlobalSign
s-nail:  Certificate depth 0 
s-nail:   subject = /C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google LLC/CN=smtp.gmail.com
s-nail:   notBefore = Nov  3 07:37:59 2020 GMT
s-nail:   notAfter = Jan 26 07:37:59 2021 GMT
s-nail:   issuer = /C=US/O=Google Trust Services/CN=GTS CA 1O1
s-nail: Comparing subject_alt_name: need is
s-nail: TLS certificate ok
s-nail: TLS BLAKE2s256 fingerprint: 0C:F8:DA:33:CE:15:EA:7F:F6:8B:28:C1:95:33:A0:1D:01:B7:F3:D8:E2:7B:29:42:70:D6:4B:6A:6D:16:8A:CF
s-nail: TLS connection using TLSv1.3 / TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384

希望这也适用于您的Ubuntu20.04系统！

Notes

1. App密码：在现代，您需要为S创建应用程序密码，以便成功访问Gmail：https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833
2. symlink ：大多数Linux发行版实际上都会将S链接到mailx，因此命令mailx将调用s-nail，但在Ubuntu20.04中似乎并非如此。毫无疑问，这是可以手工完成的。