Mysql不会在Ubuntu 20.04上安装

Question

我查看了所有类似的帖子，我可以在AskUbuntu或外部找到，但找不到任何解决我的问题。我只是试图在我的服务器上安装mysql，但似乎无法工作。

到目前为止，我已经尝试过：

• 删除所有mysql包、/var/lib/mysql、/etc/mysql、清理apt缓存和重新安装(多次)
• 在运行安装前禁用apparmor服务
• 运行mysqld --initialize (无效果)

以下是试图启动安装时的输出：

ubuntu@central-2:/etc$ sudo apt install mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libevent-core-2.1-7 libmecab2 libnuma1 mysql-client-8.0 mysql-client-core-8.0 mysql-common mysql-server-8.0 mysql-server-core-8.0
Suggested packages:
  tinyca
Recommended packages:
  libhtml-template-perl mecab-ipadic-utf8
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libevent-core-2.1-7 libmecab2 libnuma1 mysql-client-8.0 mysql-client-core-8.0 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-8.0 mysql-server-core-8.0
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 8 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/23.0 MB of archives.
After this operation, 190 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.
(Reading database ... 96065 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-mysql-common_5.8+1.0.5ubuntu2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (5.8+1.0.5ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-core-8.0.
Preparing to unpack .../1-mysql-client-core-8.0_8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-core-8.0 (8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-8.0.
Preparing to unpack .../2-mysql-client-8.0_8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-8.0 (8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libevent-core-2.1-7:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../3-libevent-core-2.1-7_2.1.11-stable-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libevent-core-2.1-7:amd64 (2.1.11-stable-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmecab2:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../4-libmecab2_0.996-10build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libmecab2:amd64 (0.996-10build1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libnuma1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../5-libnuma1_2.0.12-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libnuma1:amd64 (2.0.12-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-core-8.0.
Preparing to unpack .../6-mysql-server-core-8.0_8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server-core-8.0 (8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-common (5.8+1.0.5ubuntu2) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-8.0.
(Reading database ... 96281 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-8.0_8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server-8.0 (8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server_8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server (8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Setting up libmecab2:amd64 (0.996-10build1) ...
Setting up mysql-client-core-8.0 (8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Setting up libevent-core-2.1-7:amd64 (2.1.11-stable-1) ...
Setting up libnuma1:amd64 (2.0.12-1) ...
Setting up mysql-client-8.0 (8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-core-8.0 (8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-8.0 (8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
Specified filename /var/lib/mysql/ibdata1 does not exist.
mysqld will log errors to /var/log/mysql/error.log
2020-06-14T13:15:44.220560Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010946] [Server] Failed to start mysqld daemon. Check mysqld error log.
Warning: Unable to start the server.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
Job for mysql.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status mysql.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript mysql, action "start" failed.
● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2020-06-14 13:15:46 UTC; 14ms ago
    Process: 38879 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
dpkg: error processing package mysql-server-8.0 (--configure):
 installed mysql-server-8.0 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server:
 mysql-server depends on mysql-server-8.0; however:
  Package mysql-server-8.0 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mysql-server-8.0
 mysql-server
[ Rootkit Hunter version 1.4.6 ]
File updated: searched for 179 files, found 137
needrestart is being skipped since dpkg has failed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

mysql错误日志包含以下内容：

ubuntu@central-2:/etc$ cat /var/log/mysql/error.log
2020-06-14T13:15:43.844787Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) initializing of server in progress as process 38755
2020-06-14T13:15:43.858140Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2020-06-14T13:15:43.864981Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-012576] [InnoDB] Unable to create temporary file; errno: 13
2020-06-14T13:15:43.865050Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-012929] [InnoDB] InnoDB Database creation was aborted with error Generic error. You may need to delete the ibdata1 file before trying to start up again.
2020-06-14T13:15:43.865252Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010020] [Server] Data Dictionary initialization failed.
2020-06-14T13:15:43.865309Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013236] [Server] The designated data directory /var/lib/mysql/ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it.
2020-06-14T13:15:43.865395Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2020-06-14T13:15:43.865816Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1)  (Ubuntu).
2020-06-14T13:15:44.192647Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) starting as process 38762
2020-06-14T13:15:44.220277Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-011011] [Server] Failed to find valid data directory.
2020-06-14T13:15:44.220414Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010020] [Server] Data Dictionary initialization failed.
2020-06-14T13:15:44.220492Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2020-06-14T13:15:44.227182Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.20-0ubuntu0.20.04.1)  (Ubuntu).

目前的服务状况如下：

ubuntu@central-2:/etc$ systemctl status mysql.service
● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2020-06-14 13:15:48 UTC; 7min ago
    Process: 39031 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Jun 14 13:15:48 central-2 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 7.
Jun 14 13:15:48 central-2 systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Community Server.
Jun 14 13:15:48 central-2 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Jun 14 13:15:48 central-2 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jun 14 13:15:48 central-2 systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server.

在mysql试图启动时，journalctl -xe包含以下输出：

Jun 14 13:15:45 central-2 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server...
-- Subject: A start job for unit mysql.service has begun execution
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- A start job for unit mysql.service has begun execution.
--
-- The job identifier is 2681.
Jun 14 13:15:46 central-2 mysql-systemd-start[38879]: MySQL system database not found in /var/lib/mysql. Please run mysqld --initialize.
Jun 14 13:15:46 central-2 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Control process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
-- Subject: Unit process exited
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- An ExecStartPre= process belonging to unit mysql.service has exited.
--
-- The process' exit code is 'exited' and its exit status is 1.
Jun 14 13:15:46 central-2 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
-- Subject: Unit failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- The unit mysql.service has entered the 'failed' state with result 'exit-code'.
Jun 14 13:15:46 central-2 systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server.
-- Subject: A start job for unit mysql.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- A start job for unit mysql.service has finished with a failure.
--
-- The job identifier is 2681 and the job result is failed.
Jun 14 13:15:46 central-2 audit[1]: SERVICE_START pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=mysql comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=failed'
Jun 14 13:15:46 central-2 audit: EXECVE argc=5 a0="systemctl" a1="status" a2="--full" a3="--no-pager" a4="mysql.service"
Jun 14 13:15:46 central-2 systemd[1]: mysql.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 1.
-- Subject: Automatic restarting of a unit has been scheduled
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- Automatic restarting of the unit mysql.service has been scheduled, as the result for
-- the configured Restart= setting for the unit.
Jun 14 13:15:46 central-2 systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Community Server.
-- Subject: A stop job for unit mysql.service has finished
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://www.ubuntu.com/support
--
-- A stop job for unit mysql.service has finished.
--
-- The job identifier is 2785 and the job result is done.
Jun 14 13:15:46 central-2 audit[1]: SERVICE_START pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=mysql comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'
Jun 14 13:15:46 central-2 audit[1]: SERVICE_STOP pid=1 uid=0 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 msg='unit=mysql comm="systemd" exe="/usr/lib/systemd/systemd" hostname=? addr=? terminal=? res=success'

Answer 1

根本原因是包libpam-tmpdir (由https://github.com/konstruktoid/hardening/blob/master/scripts/17_套餐安装)

此包更改mktemp创建的文件或文件夹的格式。

使用libpam-tmpdir：

root@test-ub-64:~# mktemp
/tmp/user/0/tmp.qqRG7A24WV

不使用libpam-tmpdir：

root@test-ub-64:~# mktemp
/tmp/tmp.HIUu5D514X

libpam-tmpdir使用的格式破坏了脚本/var/lib/dpkg/info/mysql-server-8.0.postinst。

最简单的方法是：

1. 若要删除包，请执行以下操作
2. 退出你的外壳
3. 创建一个新的根外壳
4. 请与mktemp检查文件是否为/tmp/tmp.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Answer 2

这并不能真正回答您的问题，但是升级我的Ubuntu服务器(18.04 -> 20.04)后，mysql-server也遇到了类似的问题。

2020-10-03T16:07:22.635008Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.21-0ubuntu0.20.04.4)  (Ubuntu).
2020-10-03T16:07:23.415771Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011068] [Server] The syntax 'expire-logs-days' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use binlog_expire_logs_seconds instead.
2020-10-03T16:07:23.417551Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.21-0ubuntu0.20.04.4) starting as process 2477739
2020-10-03T16:07:23.429381Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2020-10-03T16:07:24.553589Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2020-10-03T16:07:24.725172Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060, socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock
2020-10-03T16:07:25.048647Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-10-03T16:07:25.049185Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.
2020-10-03T16:07:25.057082Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000067] [Server] unknown variable 'query_cache_limit=1M'.
2020-10-03T16:07:25.057711Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting

和

2020-10-03T16:22:22.002048Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.21-0ubuntu0.20.04.4)  (Ubuntu).
2020-10-03T16:22:22.683274Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011068] [Server] The syntax 'expire-logs-days' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use binlog_expire_logs_seconds instead.
2020-10-03T16:22:22.685313Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.21-0ubuntu0.20.04.4) starting as process 2495404
2020-10-03T16:22:22.698694Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2020-10-03T16:22:24.126243Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2020-10-03T16:22:24.323307Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060, socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock
2020-10-03T16:22:24.593481Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-10-03T16:22:24.593803Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.
2020-10-03T16:22:24.599233Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000067] [Server] unknown variable 'query_cache_size=16M'.
2020-10-03T16:22:24.600082Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting

因此，我在文件/etc/mysql/my.cnf中有如下评论：

query_cache_limit  = 1M                                                           
query_cache_size        = 16M

并重新安装mysql-server。

sudo apt install mysql-server

我希望这篇文章能有所帮助。

马丁

Answer 3

许多小时的闲逛和谷歌搜索以及大量的浪费时间导致了以下步骤，这些步骤对我来说是有效的

user@host:~$ mysql --version

结果

mysql 8.0.22-0 ubuntu0.20.04.3用于x86_64上的Linux ((Ubuntu))

首先停止所有mysql实例

sudo systemctl stop mysql.service

您也可以用

ps ax | grep mysql

如果没有运行mysql进程/服务，则完全删除mysql。

sudo apt remove --purge mysql*

我也有一个运行太多update命令的OCD

sudo updatedb

然后重新启动(不确定是否有必要，但我还是这样做了)和here是关键的区别.

sudo apt install mysql-server-core-8.0 mysql-server-8.0

瞧，-这真的很管用！

然后，为了重新验证这一点，并确保它不是我在使用自己的机器时改变的东西，我迅速地编制了一个GCP，重新安装了20.04LTS，NGINX，然后运行上面的MYSQL安装命令- WayHay验证！

因此，故事的寓意是dont只需安装"mysql-server" - generic版本在20.04LTS.上失败

所以现在我们有一个mysql运行，但不能访问根目录。

然后从这个链接(谢谢@Partha ) https://stackoverflow.com/users/7056704/partha-sen)！

我跟踪了https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42153059/mysqld-safe-directory-var-run-mysqld-for-unix-socket-file-dont-exists

安全模式和重新设置mysql根密码的方法如下

sudo systemctl stop mysql.service

只是为了确保没有运行myssql进程，我检查了。

ps ax | grep mysql

如果他们都被阻止了

sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & 

你应该得到以下的回应

2021-01-24T12:20:39.840380Z mysqld_safe日志记录到'/var/log/mysql/error.log‘。2021-01-24T12:20:39.870570Z mysqld_safe使用/var/lib/mysql数据库启动mysqld守护进程

如果是这样，那么这是个好消息--如果您没有得到好的响应，并且mysql抱怨

“UNIX套接字文件的mysqld_safe目录'/var/run/mysqld‘不存在。”

然后，您需要添加以下附加步骤

sudo mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld
sudo chown mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld

现在，从ssh会话到linux提示user@host:~$mysql上的同一服务器，我得到一个sql提示符mysql>

然后在mysql>提示符下刷新权限；

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'n3w_p4$w0rd';

根据您的选择修改上面的"n3w_p4$$w0rd“

然后

mysql>quit;

将带您返回Linux提示。

回到第一个ssh会话(具有-跳过授予表会话)和ctrl+c，以终止"mysql -跳过-授予-授权表“会话。

然后，需要在正常模式下重新启动mysql (而不是跳过授予表)，如下所示

sudo systemctl restart mysql.service

此时，我重新启动了整个服务器。

都解决了。