似乎无法从18.04升级到20.04，原因是延迟包: libsensors4、libsensors config、colord

Question

我试着从18.04升级到20.04，但是有一些阻碍我的软件包，我真的不知道如何正确地修复它们。日志文件显示

2020-04-24 17:38:44,134 ERROR Dist-upgrade failed: 'Broken packages after upgrade: colord'

检查apt.log就像说明中提到的，我看到了一些错误

Broken colord:amd64 Depends on libsane:amd64 < none | 1.0.29-0ubuntu5 @un umH > (>= 1.0.24)
  Considering libsane:amd64 15 as a solution to colord:amd64 37
  Added libsane:amd64 to the remove list
  Fixing colord:amd64 via keep of libsane:amd64

Broken libsensors-config:amd64 Conflicts on libsensors4:amd64 < 1:3.4.0-4 @ii gK >
  Considering libsensors4:amd64 34 as a solution to libsensors-config:amd64 1
  MarkKeep libsensors-config:amd64 < none -> 1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1 @un umN Ib > FU=0
  Holding Back libsensors-config:amd64 rather than change libsensors4:amd64

Investigating (3) libsensors5:amd64 < none -> 1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1 @un umN Ib >
Broken libsensors5:amd64 Depends on libsensors-config:amd64 < none | 1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1 @un umH >
  Considering libsensors-config:amd64 1 as a solution to libsensors5:amd64 2
  MarkKeep libsensors5:amd64 < none -> 1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1 @un umN Ib > FU=0
  Holding Back libsensors5:amd64 rather than change libsensors-config:amd64

Investigating (3) lm-sensors:amd64 < 1:3.4.0-4 -> 1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1 @ii umU Ib >
Broken lm-sensors:amd64 Depends on libsensors5:amd64 < none | 1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1 @un umH > (>= 1:3.5.0)
  Considering libsensors5:amd64 2 as a solution to lm-sensors:amd64 0
  MarkKeep lm-sensors:amd64 < 1:3.4.0-4 -> 1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1 @ii umU Ib > FU=0
  Holding Back lm-sensors:amd64 rather than change libsensors5:amd64

Investigating (4) libsnmp35:amd64 < none -> 5.8+dfsg-2ubuntu2 @un umN Ib >
Broken libsnmp35:amd64 Depends on libsensors5:amd64 < none | 1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1 @un umH > (>= 1:3.5.0)
  Considering libsensors5:amd64 2 as a solution to libsnmp35:amd64 7
  MarkKeep libsnmp35:amd64 < none -> 5.8+dfsg-2ubuntu2 @un umN Ib > FU=0
  Holding Back libsnmp35:amd64 rather than change libsensors5:amd64
 Try to Re-Instate (4) lm-sensors:amd64
  MarkKeep lm-sensors:amd64 < 1:3.4.0-4 -> 1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1 @ii umU Ib > FU=0

Investigating (5) libsane:amd64 < none -> 1.0.29-0ubuntu5 @un umN Ib >
Broken libsane:amd64 Depends on libsnmp35:amd64 < none | 5.8+dfsg-2ubuntu2 @un umH > (>= 5.8+dfsg)
  Considering libsnmp35:amd64 7 as a solution to libsane:amd64 15
  MarkKeep libsane:amd64 < none -> 1.0.29-0ubuntu5 @un umN Ib > FU=0
  Holding Back libsane:amd64 rather than change libsnmp35:amd64

有更多的错误，但他们似乎正在回到这些相同的错误。我试着更新/升级，修复坏包，根据反馈没有什么可做的。

有人有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

在一次失败的、几乎完成的升级之后，我遇到了一个非常类似的问题。我已经安装了libsensors4，如果我试图删除它或安装libsensors5，就会删除大量其他软件包。

问题是，我的libgl1-mesa-dri依赖于libsensors4，如下所示：

$ apt-cache rdepends libsensors4
libsensors4
Reverse Depends:
  lm-sensors
  sysstat
  libgl1-mesa-dri
  libsensors-config
  libsensors-config

这个包不是来自正式的Ubuntu包存储库，而是来自ppa kisak/kisak-mesa。您可以在它的版本字符串20.0.7~kisak1~b中看到它--问题还在于这是一个比Ubuntu更高的版本：

$ sudo apt list   libgl1-mesa-dri
Listing... Done
libgl1-mesa-dri/now 20.0.7~kisak1~b amd64 [installed,local]
libgl1-mesa-dri/focal 20.0.4-2ubuntu1 i386 [residual-config]

因此，我的解决方案(下面)是摆脱这个PPA包。如果上面的命令有类似的输出，请尝试以下操作来清除PPA：

$ sudo ppa-purge -o kisak  -p kisak-mesa
Updating packages lists
PPA to be removed: kisak kisak-mesa
Warning:  Could not find package list for PPA: kisak kisak-mesa

如果您不能清除它，如上文所示，首先添加PPA，然后再清除它。如果是另一个PPA阻塞您，请替换下面命令中的名称。

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kisak/kisak-mesa
[...]
$ sudo ppa-purge -o kisak  -p kisak-mesa
[...]
Suggested packages:
  lm-sensors
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libsensors4
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libllvm9:i386 libsensors-config libsensors5
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  libegl-mesa0 libegl1-mesa libegl1-mesa-dev libgbm1 libgl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dri libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa libglapi-mesa:i386 libglx-mesa0
  libosmesa6 libosmesa6:i386 mesa-opencl-icd mesa-va-drivers mesa-vdpau-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers:i386

现在PPA已经消失，apt会更好地运作。最后，确保安装了所有桌面包：

$ sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop

Answer 2

On Ubuntu20.04.1 LTS

从正式的Ubuntu存储库手动下载包libsensors5和libsensors-config，并强制它们安装：

$ wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lm-sensors/libsensors5_3.6.0-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb
$ wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lm-sensors/libsensors-config_3.6.0-2ubuntu1_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i --force-all libsensors5_3.6.0-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb libsensors-config_3.6.0-2ubuntu1_all.deb

最后一个命令产生以下输出：

Selecting previously unselected package libsensors5:amd64.
(Reading database ... 655733 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libsensors5_3.6.0-2ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libsensors5:amd64 (1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libsensors-config.
dpkg: considering removing libsensors4:amd64 in favour of libsensors-config ...
dpkg: warning: ignoring dependency problem with removal of libsensors4:amd64:
 lm-sensors depends on libsensors4 (>= 1:3.1.1)
  libsensors4:amd64 is to be removed.

dpkg: warning: ignoring dependency problem with removal of libsensors4:amd64:
 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 depends on libsensors4 (>= 1:3.0.0)
  libsensors4:amd64 is to be removed.

dpkg: yes, will remove libsensors4:amd64 in favour of libsensors-config
Preparing to unpack libsensors-config_3.6.0-2ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libsensors-config (1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libsensors-config (1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/sensors3.conf ...
Setting up libsensors5:amd64 (1:3.6.0-2ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.1) ...

结束时：

$ sudo apt --fix-broken install

其结果是：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libegl-mesa0 libgbm1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglx-mesa0 libosmesa6 lm-sensors
Suggested packages:
  fancontrol read-edid i2c-tools
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libegl-mesa0 libgbm1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglx-mesa0 libosmesa6 lm-sensors
7 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 1 not to upgrade.
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