如何使用preseed.cfg Ubuntu18.04.4安装软件？

Question

我正在为UbuntuDesktop18.04.4创建一个无人值守的安装，我希望安装openssh-server (桌面的openssh-sftp-server)，这样在安装完成后就可以使用ssh了。

我尝试过使用诸如：pkgsel/include、ubiquity/success_command和preseed/late_command之类的命令，但没有任何结果。

preseed不安装软件，也不更新软件包。

参考文献13.10的preseed.cfg中包含附加软件如何在Ubuntu

如果有任何帮助：

# Installer config
d-i base-installer/kernel/override-image string linux-image-amd64

# GRUB
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true

# Setting the locales, country
# Supported locales available in /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED
d-i debian-installer/language string en
d-i debian-installer/country string IN
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US.UTF-8

# Keyboard setting
d-i console-setup/ask_detect boolean false
d-i keyboard-configuration/layoutcode string us
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap us
d-i keyboard-configuration/modelcode string pc105

# Network configuration
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
d-i netcfg/enable boolean true
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string ubuntu-bionic-desktop
d-i netcfg/get_domain string localdomain
d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string
# d-i hw-detect/load_firmware boolean true

# Mirror settings
choose-mirror-bin mirror/http/proxy string

# Clock and time zone setup
d-i time/zone string UTC
d-i clock-setup/utc-auto boolean true
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true

# Disk and Partitioning setup
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true

# Vagrant user creation
d-i passwd/user-fullname string vagrant
d-i passwd/username string vagrant
d-i passwd/user-password password vagrant
d-i passwd/user-password-again password vagrant
d-i user-setup/encrypt-home boolean false
d-i user-setup/allow-password-weak boolean true
d-i passwd/user-default-groups vagrant sudo

# Package installations

d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-sftp-server vim cryptsetup build-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev zlib1g-dev linux-source dkms nfs-common
# Upgrading the system
d-i pkgsel/install-language-support boolean false
d-i pkgsel/update-policy select none
d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, ubuntu-desktop

ubiquity ubiquity/use_nonfree boolean true

d-i preseed/late_command string apt-install openssh-sftp-server;

# Success Installation - Tasks
ubiquity ubiquity/success_command string  \
    in-target apt install openssh-sftp-server;

# Installation - final
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
ubiquity ubiquity/summary note
ubiquity ubiquity/reboot boolean true`

Answer 1

删除不必要的行

普遍性忽略预设/延迟命令，因此使用它没有意义。因此，您在这一行中包含了openssh-sftp-server包：

d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-sftp-server vim cryptsetup build-essential libssl-dev libreadline-dev zlib1g-dev linux-source dkms nfs-common

所以这些行可以被移除：

d-i preseed/late_command string apt-install openssh-sftp-server;

# Success Installation - Tasks
ubiquity ubiquity/success_command string  \
    in-target apt install openssh-sftp-server;

如何使用泛

我使用Ubuntu测试了您的预置文件，可以找到这里。在选择屏幕上，我将光标移动到command-line install并按tab键。请注意屏幕底部显示的属性：

Ubuntu安装程序

然后追加这些属性，可以随意更改以下值：

locale=en_US hostname=ubuntu keyboard-configuration/modelcode=SKIP ubiquity url=http://192.168.0.1:8000/preseed-ubuntu.cfg

预启动文件可以托管在主机的本地主机上，例如通过使用python3 -m http.server。您的IP地址将明显不同。按回车和安装将继续和分期付款将只提示您回购服务器，因为它没有定义在您的预置文件。

安装完成后，您可以登录并确认是否安装了openssh-sftp-server和其他软件包。