当VNCing到Ubuntu时无法获得GUI

Question

当我试图通过VNC查看一台ubuntu机器时，我会得到一个带有3个复选框的灰色屏幕。我试过了一些我在网上读到的建议，但是一个没有帮助。一个仍然给我灰色屏幕与3个复选框，一个给我灰色屏幕没有三个复选框，一个给我一个网格！以下是关于如何修改vnc的xstartup文件的各种建议。下文将作进一步阐述。

我有一个Ubuntu18.03.3LTS的计算机运行USB。它提供了两个选项，‘尝试ubuntu’和‘安装ubuntu’我选择了‘尝试ubuntu’。

$lsb_release -a显示我在Ubuntu 18.04.03 LTS上

我看到了这篇文章并使用这些命令安装vnc服务器。

$ sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop gnome-panel gnome-settings-daemon metacity nautilus gnome-terminal gnome-core

$ sudo apt-get install vnc4server

这显示了我的xstartup文件

buntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ cat xstartup
#!/bin/sh

# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
x-window-manager &

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$

我想这是默认的..。我得到的错误和前面提到的一样

VNC灰色屏幕并启动12.04

和

vncserver灰色屏幕ubuntu16.04LTS

和

https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/vnc-viewer-showing-only-grey-screen-with-3-checkboxes-899386/

但解决方案对我不起作用，我会解释的。

我得到一个带有3个复选框的灰色屏幕。

请参见我启动了vnc服务器(我还包括一些用于列出进程的其他命令，因为每当我更改xstartup时，我都会查看服务器是否正在运行，并关闭它并再次启动它)。我检查了它是否在运行，在哪个端口，端口5901。而且它没有被防火墙阻塞，ubuntu默认使用..ufw，我从ufw status中看到ufw防火墙没有启用，所以没有问题。vnc服务器已经启动。

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
 6065 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
15274 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ cat xstartup
#!/bin/sh

# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
x-window-manager &



ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ vnc4server

New 'ubuntu:1 (ubuntu)' desktop is ubuntu:1

Starting applications specified in /home/ubuntu/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/ubuntu/.vnc/ubuntu:1.log

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
 6065 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
15287 pts/0    00:00:00 Xvnc4
15293 pts/0    00:00:00 vncconfig
15303 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ lsof | grep LISTEN
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() tracefs file system /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
      Output information may be incomplete.
Xvnc4     15287                 ubuntu    0u     IPv4             295628      0t0        TCP *:x11-1 (LISTEN)
Xvnc4     15287                 ubuntu    3u     IPv6             295630      0t0        TCP *:5901 (LISTEN)
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ ufw status
ERROR: You need to be root to run this script
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ sudo ufw status
Status: inactive
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$

我还运行ip add命令来查看我的IP。

然后，我转到另一台运行windows的机器，输入IP:5901并输入正确的密码，密码被接受。

我得到了这个带有三个复选框的灰色屏幕：“接受观众的剪贴板”、“向观众发送剪贴板”、“向观众发送主要选择”。

我根据第一个链接vnc-灰色屏幕(172384)进行修改，但得到相同的灰色屏幕相同的三个复选框，这与

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ echo https://askubuntu.com/questions/172384/vnc-grey-screen-and-start-on-boot-12-04
https://askubuntu.com/questions/172384/vnc-grey-screen-and-start-on-boot-12-04
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ cat xstartup
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:

unset SESSION_MANAGER
#exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

gnome-session --session=gnome-classic &
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources

xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &

#x-terminal-emulator -geometry 1280x1024+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
 6065 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
15287 pts/0    00:00:00 Xvnc4
15293 pts/0    00:00:00 vncconfig
15572 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ killall Xvnc4
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
 6065 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
15575 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ vnc4server

New 'ubuntu:1 (ubuntu)' desktop is ubuntu:1

Starting applications specified in /home/ubuntu/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/ubuntu/.vnc/ubuntu:1.log

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$

然后，我尝试使用第二个ubuntu链接(vncserver-灰色屏幕- 800302)中的xstartup。

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ vi xstartup
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ echo https://askubuntu.com/questions/800302/vncserver-grey-screen-ubuntu-16-04-lts
https://askubuntu.com/questions/800302/vncserver-grey-screen-ubuntu-16-04-lts
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ cat xstartup
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
x-window-manager &

gnome-panel &
gnome-settings-daemon &
metacity &
nautilus &
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
 6065 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
15710 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ vnc4server

New 'ubuntu:1 (ubuntu)' desktop is ubuntu:1

Starting applications specified in /home/ubuntu/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/ubuntu/.vnc/ubuntu:1.log

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$

我得到了一个灰色屏幕，但这次没有复选框。

然后，我尝试第三种解决方案。

如果我看上去像https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/vnc-viewer-showing-only-grey-screen-with-3-checkboxes-899386/

一项建议是确保xstartup文件的权限为755，我的建议是，另一项建议是取消注释以下两行：

unset SESSION MANAGER
exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

这样做(当然还会杀死和启动vnc服务器) $killall Xvnc4和$vnc4server

当我试图连接时，我得到了这个屏幕，它就像一个网格

添加的

我听到一个建议，要尝试查看日志文件/home/ubuntu/.vnc/ubuntu:1.log。

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ cat ubuntu:1.log

Xvnc Free Edition 4.1.1 - built Feb 25 2015 23:02:21
Copyright (C) 2002-2005 RealVNC Ltd.
See http://www.realvnc.com for information on VNC.
Underlying X server release 40300000, The XFree86 Project, Inc


Tue Feb  4 21:56:29 2020
 vncext:      VNC extension running!
 vncext:      Listening for VNC connections on port 5901
 vncext:      created VNC server for screen 0
error opening security policy file /etc/X11/xserver/SecurityPolicy
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/, removing from list!

Tue Feb  4 21:56:39 2020
 Connections: accepted: 0.0.0.0::62323
 SConnection: Client needs protocol version 3.8
 SConnection: Client requests security type VncAuth(2)

Tue Feb  4 21:56:43 2020
 VNCSConnST:  Server default pixel format depth 16 (16bpp) little-endian rgb565
 VNCSConnST:  Client pixel format depth 6 (8bpp) rgb222

Tue Feb  4 21:56:44 2020
 VNCSConnST:  Client pixel format depth 16 (16bpp) little-endian rgb565
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$

我还发现了一个没有复选框的灰色屏幕的建议https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51415427/whats-wrong-with-my-vncserver-setting。

我听到了一个尝试这个xstartup文件的建议，特别是第14-17行可能对https://www.linode.com/docs/applications/remote-desktop/install-vnc-on-ubuntu-18-04/有帮助。

所以我在那里使用了整个xstartup文件，因为我更改了我的xstartup文件很多。

我有一个没有复选框的灰色屏幕，日志上写着

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$ cat ubuntu\:1.log 

Xvnc Free Edition 4.1.1 - built Feb 25 2015 23:02:21
Copyright (C) 2002-2005 RealVNC Ltd.
See http://www.realvnc.com for information on VNC.
Underlying X server release 40300000, The XFree86 Project, Inc


Tue Feb  4 23:10:06 2020
 vncext:      VNC extension running!
 vncext:      Listening for VNC connections on port 5901
 vncext:      created VNC server for screen 0
error opening security policy file /etc/X11/xserver/SecurityPolicy
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/, removing from list!
Could not init font path element /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/, removing from list!
/home/ubuntu/.vnc/xstartup: 15: /home/ubuntu/.vnc/xstartup: gnome-settings-daemon: not found

** (gnome-panel:16733): WARNING **: 23:10:09.203: Failed to request name: the name already has an owner
xkbcommon: ERROR: xkb_x11_keymap_new_from_device: illegal device ID: -1
xkbcommon: ERROR: xkb_x11_state_new_from_device: illegal device ID: -1metacity-Message: 23:10:09.279: could not find XKB extension.

(metacity:16735): metacity-WARNING **: 23:10:09.285: Failed to create MetaCompositorXRender: Missing composite extension required for compositing
# Failed to parse arguments: Unknown option --login

Tue Feb  4 23:10:17 2020
 Connections: accepted: 0.0.0.0::63052
 SConnection: Client needs protocol version 3.8
 SConnection: Client requests security type VncAuth(2)

Tue Feb  4 23:10:20 2020
 VNCSConnST:  Server default pixel format depth 16 (16bpp) little-endian rgb565
 VNCSConnST:  Client pixel format depth 6 (8bpp) rgb222
 VNCSConnST:  Client pixel format depth 16 (16bpp) little-endian rgb565

Tue Feb  4 23:10:25 2020
 Connections: closed: 0.0.0.0::63052 (Clean disconnection)
 SMsgWriter:  framebuffer updates 3
 SMsgWriter:    raw rects 1, bytes 16396
 SMsgWriter:    ZRLE rects 3, bytes 304
 SMsgWriter:    raw bytes equivalent 2375888, compression ratio 142.268743
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/.vnc$

Answer 1

我遵循https://itectec.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-ubuntu-18-04-vnc-grey-screen/指令，它解决了我在vnc灰色屏幕上的问题。

sudo apt install gnome-session-flashback

然后更改~/.vnc/xstartup

 #!/bin/sh
 autocutsel -fork
 xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
 xsetroot -solid grey
 export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
 export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP="GNOME-Flashback:Unity"
 export XDG_MENU_PREFIX="gnome-flashback-"
 unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
 gnome-session --session=gnome-flashback-metacity --disable-acceleration-check --debug &