Ubuntu 18.04中断的依赖关系：

Question

我最近在Ubuntu仿生上做了一个dist升级。升级版继续删除了一些我想保留的软件，比如快门和洋泾子。每当我试图安装这些和gcc-multilib时，我都会得到一个未满足的依赖项错误。为了解决这个问题，我遵循了这链接。当我尝试智能时，它在安装gcc-multilib的过程中崩溃了，并出现了dpkg错误：

dpkg: error processing package libc6:amd64 (--configure):
 installed libc6:amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent processing triggers for libc-bin:
 libc-bin depends on libc6 (>> 2.28); however:
  Version of libc6:amd64 on system is 2.27-3ubuntu1.
 libc-bin depends on libc6 (<< 2.29); however:
  Package libc6:amd64 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package libc-bin (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving triggers unprocessed
dpkg: dependency problems prevent processing triggers for man-db:
 man-db depends on libc6 (>= 2.17); however:
  Package libc6:amd64 is not configured yet.

目前，我被困在安装任何东西，即使是apt-get升级失败。任何帮助都是非常感谢的。

$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libc-bin : Depends: libc6 (> 2.28) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed
 libc6-dbg : Depends: libc6 (= 2.28-8) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed
 libev-perl : Depends: libc6 (>= 2.28) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed
 libperl5.28 : Depends: libc6 (>= 2.28) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed
 perl-base : PreDepends: libc6 (>= 2.28) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

$ sudo apt -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libc-bin : Depends: libc6 (> 2.28) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed
 libc6-dbg : Depends: libc6 (= 2.28-8) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed
 libev-perl : Depends: libc6 (>= 2.28) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed
 libperl5.28 : Depends: libc6 (>= 2.28) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed
 perl-base : PreDepends: libc6 (>= 2.28) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies

$ apt-mark showhold   
$ dpkg -l | grep "^hi"

显然没有包裹。

一些信息:主，受限，宇宙，多重宇宙，仿生更新和仿生安全是被启用的.除y-ppa-经理外，所有其他ppa已被禁用或清除。如果需要更多的信息，请告诉我。

Update 1：我尝试执行以下命令来降低版本的级别，但不确定如何继续执行。

$ sudo apt install libc-bin=2.27-3ubuntu1 libc6-dbg=2.27-3ubuntu1 libev-
perl=4.22-1build2 perl-base=5.26.1-6ubuntu0.3                          
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libanyevent-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.1
                    Recommends: libguard-perl but it is not going to be installed
 libapt-pkg-perl : Depends: perl-base (>= 5.28.0-3) but 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.3 is to be installed
                   Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libasync-interrupt-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libbit-vector-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libcairo-gobject-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libcairo-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libclone-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libcommon-sense-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.1
 libdate-calc-xs-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libfcgi-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libfile-fcntllock-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libglib-object-introspection-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.1
 libglib-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.1
 libhtml-parser-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libio-pty-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libjson-xs-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 liblist-moreutils-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 liblocale-gettext-perl : PreDepends: perl-base (>= 5.28.0-3) but 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.3 is to be installed
                          PreDepends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libnet-dbus-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libnet-libidn-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libnet-ssleay-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libpango-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libpcsc-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libperl5.28 : Depends: libc6 (>= 2.28) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is to be installed
 libperlio-gzip-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libsocket6-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libsub-name-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libtext-charwidth-perl : Depends: perl-base (>= 5.28.0-3) but 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.3 is to be installed
                          Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libtext-iconv-perl : Depends: perl-base (>= 5.28.0-3) but 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.3 is to be installed
                      Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libunicode-linebreak-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.1
 libunicode-map-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.0
 libxml-libxml-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.1
 libxml-parser-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.1
 libyaml-libyaml-perl : Depends: perlapi-5.28.1
 locales : Depends: libc-bin (> 2.28)
 perl : Depends: perl-base (= 5.28.1-6) but 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.3 is to be installed
 perl-modules-5.28 : Depends: perl-base (>= 5.28.1-1) but 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.3 is to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

Update 2：我通过一个长命令成功地修复了许多依赖项，指定了packages.ubuntu.com上找到的每个包的确切版本，并在智能和apt-get上运行它。目前，我只能尝试解决最后几个包，但遇到了以下问题：

$ sudo apt-get install perl-base=5.26.1-6ubuntu0.3 locales=2.27-3ubuntu1 libanyevent-perl=7.140-2 libc-bin=2.27-3ubuntu1 libev-perl=4.22-1build2 liblocale-gettext-perl=1.07-3build2 libxml-libxml-perl=2.0128+dfsg-5
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
  libevent-perl libio-async-perl libpoe-perl libtask-weaken-perl
Recommended packages:
  libguard-perl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  locales
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
  libanyevent-perl libc-bin libev-perl liblocale-gettext-perl libxml-libxml-perl perl-base
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 6 downgraded, 0 to remove and 8 not upgraded.
37 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/6570 kB of archives.
After this operation, 12.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
/usr/bin/perl: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by /usr/bin/perl)
Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
/usr/bin/perl: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by /usr/bin/perl)
dpkg: error processing package libc6:amd64 (--configure):
 installed libc6:amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libc6:amd64
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

显然，我需要安装GLIBC_2.28来使用perl，这是安装软件包所必需的，但是它是我想要移开的版本，也就是说，我想回到2.27。

Update 3：

$ apt list --installed | grep -v bionic
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
Listing...
containerd.io/now 1.2.5-1 amd64 [installed,local]
distro-info-data/now 0.37ubuntu0.4 all [installed,upgradable to: 0.37ubuntu0.5]
gemalto-smartcard0/now 161-2 amd64 [installed,local]
google-chrome-stable/now 74.0.3729.131-1 amd64 [installed,local]
icaclient/now 13.10.0.20 amd64 [installed,local]
ipsec-tools/now 1:0.8.2+20140711-12 amd64 [installed,local]
libanyevent-perl/now 7.140-3 amd64 [installed,local]
libboost-date-time1.62.0/now 1.62.0+dfsg-10+b1 amd64 [installed,local]
libboost-filesystem1.62.0/now 1.62.0+dfsg-10+b1 amd64 [installed,local]
libboost-serialization1.62.0/now 1.62.0+dfsg-10+b1 amd64 [installed,local]
libboost-system1.62.0/now 1.62.0+dfsg-10+b1 amd64 [installed,local]
libboost-thread1.62.0/now 1.62.0+dfsg-10+b1 amd64 [installed,local]
libc-bin/now 2.28-8 amd64 [installed,local]
libc-l10n/now 2.28-8 all [installed,local]
libev-perl/now 4.25-1 amd64 [installed,local]
libfl2/now 2.6.4-6.2 amd64 [installed,local]
libgdbm-compat4/now 1.18.1-4 amd64 [installed,local]
libgdbm6/now 1.18.1-4 amd64 [installed,local]
libidn2-0/now 2.0.5-1 amd64 [installed,local]
liblocale-gettext-perl/now 1.07-3+b4 amd64 [installed,local]
libssl1.1/now 1.1.1b-1 amd64 [installed,local]
libxml-libxml-perl/now 2.0134+dfsg-1 amd64 [installed,local]
nessus/now 6.9.1 amd64 [installed,local]
pcsc-tools/now 1.5.4-1 amd64 [installed,local]
pdftk/now 3.0.0~malteworld1 all [installed,local]
pdftk-java/now 3.0.0~malteworld1 all [installed,local]
perl-base/now 5.28.1-6 amd64 [installed,local]
realpath/now 8.26-3ubuntu4 all [installed,local]
rocketchat/now 2.14.7-1215 amd64 [installed,local]
sublime-text/now 3207 amd64 [installed,local]
unattended-upgrades/now 1.1ubuntu1.18.04.10 all [installed,upgradable to: 1.1ubuntu1.18.04.11]

Answer 1

通过在packages.ubuntu.com上手动下载perl包并执行以下命令sudo dpkg -i perl-base_5.26.1-6ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb，我成功地修复了这个问题，这似乎成功地降低了perl-base的级别，但报告了一些依赖项错误。在此之后，aptitude能够通过降低其他libc6包的级别来解决其他冲突。作为最后一步，我将检查所有不是从更新3中列出的官方存储库中的包，并删除我不再需要的包。