从18.10升级到19.04没有桌面

Question

我最近升级了从18.10到19.04，桌面不再可用。系统启动到终端。如果我尝试sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop，我会得到一个长长的依赖关系错误列表：

Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ubuntu-desktop : Depends: gdm3 but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: gnome-control-center but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: gnome-shell but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: gnome-shell-extension-appindicator but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: gnome-shell-extension-desktop-icons but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: nautilus but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: ubuntu-desktop-minimal but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: ubuntu-session but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: update-manager but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: xorg but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: yelp but it is not going to be installed
                 Depends: zenity
                 Recommends: cheese but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: deja-dup but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: gnome-calendar but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: gnome-getting-started-docs but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: gnome-initial-setup but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: gnome-todo but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: gvfs-fuse but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: nautilus-share but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: shotwell but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: totem but it is not going to be installed
                 Recommends: ubuntu-docs but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

我试过以下方法来修复apt，但没有成功：

sudo apt clean
sudo apt update
sudo apt update --fix-missing
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt install -f

/etc/apt/sources.list中未注释的行：

deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco main restricted
deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates main restricted
deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco universe
deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates universe
deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco multiverse
deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates multiverse
deb http://ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security multiverse

运行startx会导致：

/etc/X11/xinit/xserverrc: 3: exec: /usr/bin/X: not found
xinit: giving up
xinit: unable to connect to X server: Connection refused
xinit: server error

uname -a的输出：

Linux XPS13 5.0.0-13-generic #14-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 15 14:59:14 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

任何建议都将是非常感谢的，这将有助于修复apt，并最终给我的desktop环境带来生命！

Answer 1

最后，我终于重新安装了.:-(

Answer 2

好吧，也许对更多的读者有帮助。

在使用The following packages have unmet dependencies的情况下，查找故障的方法之一是使用链式方法：

所以，在这种情况下，你做到了：

sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop

它犯了错误：

...
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
ubuntu-desktop : Depends: gdm3 but it is not going to be installed
...

那么你应该做：

sudo apt install gdm3

这将导致新的未满足的依赖项错误，或者您将发现错误的真正原因。在前一种情况下，您将使用不同的未满足包重复该过程，而在后一种情况下，您只需处理问题。