如何在Ubuntu18.04上将Java从8升级到9+？

Question

我不能在Ubuntu18.04上的NetBeans 8.2上进行新的项目，因为它有Java8而不是9。

Log Session: Friday, February 15, 2019 at 10:24:48 PM Eastern European Standard Time
System Info: 
  Product Version         = NetBeans IDE 8.2 (Build 201609300101) (#5fd841261bf9)
  Operating System        = Linux version 4.15.0-45-generic running on amd64
  Java; VM; Vendor        = 10.0.2; OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 10.0.2+13-Ubuntu-1ubuntu0.18.04.4; Oracle Corporation
  Runtime                 = OpenJDK Runtime Environment 10.0.2+13-Ubuntu-1ubuntu0.18.04.4
  Java Home               = /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
  System Locale; Encoding = en_US (nb); UTF-8
  Home Directory          = /home/abdelrahman
  Current Directory       = /home/abdelrahman
  User Directory          = /home/abdelrahman/.netbeans/8.2
  Cache Directory         = /home/abdelrahman/.cache/netbeans/8.2
  Installation            = /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/ergonomics
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/ide
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/extide
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/java
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/apisupport
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/webcommon
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/websvccommon
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/enterprise
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/mobility
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/profiler
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/php
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/harness
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/cnd
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/cndext
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/dlight
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/groovy
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/javafx
                            /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform
  Boot & Ext. Classpath   = 
  Application Classpath   = /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/boot.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/org-openide-modules.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/org-openide-util.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/org-openide-util-lookup.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/org-openide-util-ui.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/boot_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/boot_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/boot_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/boot_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-modules_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-modules_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-modules_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-modules_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util-lookup_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util-lookup_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util-lookup_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util-lookup_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util-ui_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util-ui_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util-ui_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util-ui_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/lib/locale/org-openide-util_zh_CN.jar
  Startup Classpath       = /home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/core.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/asm-all-5.0.1.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/org-netbeans-libs-asm.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/org-openide-filesystems-compat8.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/core-base.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/org-openide-filesystems.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-netbeans-libs-asm_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-openide-filesystems-compat8_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/core-base_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/core_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-openide-filesystems_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/core-base_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-netbeans-libs-asm_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-netbeans-libs-asm_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-openide-filesystems_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-openide-filesystems-compat8_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-openide-filesystems_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/core_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-openide-filesystems-compat8_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/core-base_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-netbeans-libs-asm_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/core-base_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-openide-filesystems-compat8_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/core_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/org-openide-filesystems_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/platform/core/locale/core_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb/core/org-netbeans-upgrader.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb/core/locale/org-netbeans-upgrader_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb/core/locale/org-netbeans-upgrader_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb/core/locale/core_nb_ru.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb/core/locale/core_nb.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb/core/locale/core_nb_ja.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb/core/locale/org-netbeans-upgrader_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb/core/locale/core_nb_pt_BR.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb/core/locale/core_nb_zh_CN.jar:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/nb/core/locale/org-netbeans-upgrader_ru.jar
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFO [org.netbeans.modules.netbinox]: Install area set to file:/home/abdelrahman/netbeans-8.2/
WARNING [org.netbeans.core.modules]: the modules [org.netbeans.modules.xml.text] use org.netbeans.modules.editor.deprecated.pre65formatting which is deprecated.
WARNING [org.netbeans.core.modules]: the modules [org.netbeans.modules.ide.kit, org.netbeans.modules.xml.text] use org.netbeans.modules.editor.structure which is deprecated.
INFO [org.netbeans.core.startup.NbEvents]: Turning on modules:
    org.openide.util.lookup [8.33.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.util [9.7.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.util.ui [9.6.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.modules [7.48.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.api.annotations.common/1 [1.27.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.filesystems [9.10.2 201705191307]
    org.openide.awt [7.67.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.api.progress/1 [1.47.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.api.progress.nb [1.47.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.dialogs [7.42.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.nodes [7.45.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.windows [6.75.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.editor.mimelookup/1 [1.40.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.text [6.67.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.swing.tabcontrol [1.56.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.swing.outline [1.34.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.explorer [6.62.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.actions [6.39.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.queries/1 [1.43.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.api.templates [1.7.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.filesystems.nb [9.9.2 201612141242]
    org.openide.loaders [7.66.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.api.intent [1.2.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.api.io [1.3.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.io [1.49.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.filesystems.compat8 [9.9.1 201609300101]
    org.openide.execution [9.3.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.upgrader [4.35.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.swing.plaf [1.41.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.projectapi/1 [1.66.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.swing.dirchooser [1.29.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.spi.viewmodel/2 [1.51.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.spi.tasklist/1 [1.35.1.1 1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.spi.quicksearch [1.27.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.spi.palette/1 [1.46.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.spi.navigator/1 [1.37.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.editor.settings/1 [1.56.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.editor.util/1 [1.64.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.editor.document [1.9.1.3 3 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.lexer/2 [1.63.1.1 1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.editor.lib2/1 [2.16.3.56.3 56 201705191307]
    org.netbeans.modules.editor.settings.lib [1.51.1.1 1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.editor.fold/1 [1.45.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.editor.indent/2 [1.43.1 201609300101]
    org.netbeans.modules.editor.guards/1 [1.33.1 201609300101]

Answer 1

根据Netbeans 8.2的发布说明：

这个版本的测试JDK是用于Windows、Linux和OS的JDK 8u101。IDE的8.2版本不能在比JDK 8更早的JDK上安装或运行。

此外，Java 9和10是Java的非LTS版本，分别于188年3月和9月结束，这就是为什么它们在Ubuntu的官方存储库中不可用的原因。

所以，如果您仍然想使用NetBeans 8.2，最好将它与Java8一起使用，或者如果您仍然想使用Java9.0或10.0，则使用NetBeans 9.0或10.0。

进一步读：

• Java版本历史-维基百科
• 如何安装Netbeans 9.0/10.0？