修复救援模式中的内核问题

Question

我在VPS 7中更新了内核，在重新启动之后，机器不再响应了，包括使用SSH。

我通过临时拯救linux机器连接到VPS，在那里我可以挂载VPS文件系统：

mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/

我检查了日志文件/mnt/var/ log /messages，发现：

- yum: Updated: kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64
- yum: Updated: kernel-tools-3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64
- yum: Installed: kernel-3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64
- yum: Updated: kernel-headers-3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64
- yum: Updated: python-perf-3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64
- yum: Updated: 2:microcode_ctl-2.1-73.15.el7_9.x86_64
- systemd: Reloading.
- dracut: dracut-033-572.el7
- dracut: Executing: /sbin/dracut -f /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64.img 3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64
- dracut: dracut module 'busybox' will not be installed, because command 'busybox' could not be found!
- dracut: dracut module 'plymouth' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'plymouth' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'crypt' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'dmraid' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'dmsquash-live-ntfs' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'lvm' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'mdraid' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'multipath' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'cifs' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'fcoe' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'fcoe' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'fcoe' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'fcoe' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'fcoe' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'fcoe-uefi' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'fcoe-uefi' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'fcoe-uefi' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'iscsi' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'iscsi' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'nbd' will not ...
- dracut: dracut module 'biosdevname' will not ...
- dracut: *** Including module: bash ***
- dracut: *** Including module: modsign ***
- dracut: *** Including module: nss-softokn ***
- dracut: *** Including module: i18n ***
- dracut: *** Including module: network ***
- dracut: *** Including module: ifcfg ***
- dracut: *** Including module: btrfs ***
- dracut: *** Including module: kernel-modules ***
- dracut: *** Including module: qemu ***
- dracut: *** Including module: qemu-net ***
- dracut: *** Including module: nfs ***
- dracut: *** Including module: resume ***
- dracut: *** Including module: rootfs-block ***
- dracut: *** Including module: terminfo ***
- dracut: *** Including module: udev-rules ***
- dracut: Skipping udev rule: 40-redhat-cpu-hotplug.rules
- dracut: Skipping udev rule: 91-permissions.rules
- dracut: *** Including module: virtfs ***
- dracut: *** Including module: systemd ***
- dracut: *** Including module: usrmount ***
- dracut: *** Including module: base ***
- dracut: *** Including module: fs-lib ***
- dracut: *** Including module: microcode_ctl-fw_dir_override ***
- dracut: microcode_ctl module: mangling fw_dir
- dracut: microcode_ctl: reset fw_dir to "/lib/firmware/updates /lib/firmware"
- dracut: microcode_ctl: processing data directory  "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel"...
- dracut: microcode_ctl: intel: caveats check for kernel version "3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64" passed, adding "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel" to fw_dir variable
- dracut: microcode_ctl: processing data directory  "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-2d-07"...
- dracut: microcode_ctl: intel-06-2d-07: caveats check for kernel version "3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64" passed, adding "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-2d-07" to fw_dir variable
- dracut: microcode_ctl: processing data directory  "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-4e-03"...
- dracut: microcode_ctl: kernel version "3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64" failed early load check for "intel-06-4e-03", skipping
- dracut: microcode_ctl: processing data directory  "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-4f-01"...
- dracut: microcode_ctl: kernel version "3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64" failed early load check for "intel-06-4f-01", skipping
- dracut: microcode_ctl: processing data directory  "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-55-04"...
- dracut: microcode_ctl: intel-06-55-04: caveats check for kernel version "3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64" passed, adding "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-55-04" to fw_dir variable
- dracut: microcode_ctl: processing data directory  "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-5e-03"...
- dracut: microcode_ctl: intel-06-5e-03: caveats check for kernel version "3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64" passed, adding "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-5e-03" to fw_dir variable
- dracut: microcode_ctl: processing data directory  "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-8c-01"...
- dracut: microcode_ctl: intel-06-8c-01: caveats check for kernel version "3.10.0-1160.80.1.el7.x86_64" passed, adding "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-8c-01" to fw_dir variable
- dracut: microcode_ctl: final fw_dir: "/usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-8c-01 /usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-5e-03 /usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-55-04 /usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel-06-2d-07 /usr/share/microcode_ctl/ucode_with_caveats/intel /lib/firmware/updates /lib/firmware"

这个问题发生在升级内核之后。现在，我想知道问题是什么？它与Grub2部分有关吗？新内核腐败了吗..。

我不知道如何指示Centos 7使用以前的内核，因为我只是在使用救援机器，不能运行任何命令来配置Grub2或内核。但是我仍然可以访问文件，可以运行基本命令来列出、复制、删除、编辑、…

任何帮助都是非常感谢的。

Answer 1

我不能百分之百确定什么是失败的，但是在我们的/boot/grub2/grub.cfg中，第一个菜单条目是救援模式条目。我们在重新启动之前运行了一个grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg广告，没有问题。由于它影响了其他几个服务器，因此仍在研究这一问题，但希望为今后的工作提供一个解决办法。