窗口静态路由不按预期工作

Question

我有三个路由器：

• 路由器1具有外部因特网连接。它有LAN IP 192.168.0.1，并在192.168.0.*子网中给出IP地址。
• 路由器2通过路由器1接入internet，它拥有192.168.0.20的广域网IP (在路由器1's网络上)，192.168.68.1的LAN IP，并给出了192.168.68.*子网中的IP地址。
• 路由器3通过路由器2接入internet，它拥有192.168.68.122的广域网IP (在路由器2's网络上)，192.168.13.1的LAN IP，并在192.168.13.*子网中给出IP地址。

我有一个Windows PC连接到路由器1，局域网IP地址192.168.0.2。我希望能够访问路由器2和路由器3's网络上的设备从这台PC。

为了启用该功能，我运行了以下命令：

route -p ADD 192.168.13.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 192.168.68.122 metric 1 if 30
route -p ADD 192.168.68.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.20 metric 1 if 30

这导致了route print在这个问题的底部给出的输出，这意味着它被设置为OK。

但是，我不能通过新的路由在任何一个网络上使用ping机器。例如：

C:\Users\Tom>ping 192.168.0.20 -n 1

Pinging 192.168.0.20 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.0.20: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=64

Ping statistics for 192.168.0.20:
    Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 1, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

C:\Users\Tom>ping 192.168.68.1 -n 1

Pinging 192.168.68.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.

Ping statistics for 192.168.68.1:
    Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),

C:\Users\Tom>ping 192.168.68.122 -n 1

Pinging 192.168.68.122 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.

Ping statistics for 192.168.68.122:
    Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),

C:\Users\Tom>ping 192.168.13.1 -n 1

Pinging 192.168.13.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.

Ping statistics for 192.168.13.1:
    Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),

我能理解如果路由器3's网络是无法访问的。(我不知道路由表是否支持按需要进行两步路由。)但是很难理解为什么路由器2's网络是不可访问的。

我做错什么了？

route print输出：

C:\Users\Tom>route print
===========================================================================
Interface List
 22...00 ff 90 d2 fc 16 ......Juniper Network Connect Virtual Adapter
 30...a4 bb 6d b3 8c a1 ......Intel(R) Ethernet Connection (5) I219-LM
 18...0a 00 27 00 00 12 ......VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter
 25...00 ff aa 18 81 ac ......TAP-Windows Adapter V9
 37...00 ff bd b8 d5 c4 ......TeamViewer VPN Adapter
  6...44 01 bb a8 cb 97 ......Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network)
  1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
===========================================================================

IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination        Netmask          Gateway       Interface  Metric
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0      192.168.0.1      192.168.0.2    281
        127.0.0.0        255.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
        127.0.0.1  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
  127.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
      192.168.0.0    255.255.255.0         On-link       192.168.0.2    281
      192.168.0.2  255.255.255.255         On-link       192.168.0.2    281
    192.168.0.255  255.255.255.255         On-link       192.168.0.2    281
     192.168.13.0    255.255.255.0   192.168.68.122      192.168.0.2     26
     192.168.56.0    255.255.255.0         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
     192.168.56.1  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
   192.168.56.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
     192.168.68.0    255.255.255.0     192.168.0.20      192.168.0.2     26
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
        224.0.0.0        240.0.0.0         On-link       192.168.0.2    281
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link         127.0.0.1    331
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link      192.168.56.1    281
  255.255.255.255  255.255.255.255         On-link       192.168.0.2    281
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
  Network Address          Netmask  Gateway Address  Metric
          0.0.0.0          0.0.0.0      192.168.0.1  Default
     192.168.68.0    255.255.255.0     192.168.0.20       1
     192.168.13.0    255.255.255.0   192.168.68.122       1
===========================================================================

IPv6 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
 If Metric Network Destination      Gateway
 30     41 ::/0                     fe80::1
  1    331 ::1/128                  On-link
 30     41 2003:c9:f72b:a824::/64   On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a824:cd5f:d85f:eddb:aad2/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a824:d143:ab14:fc96:dced/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a824:d984:866c:9de8:9a5c/128
                                    On-link
 30     41 2003:c9:f72b:a834::/64   On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a834:99fb:2a0d:280d:bf6f/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a834:d143:ab14:fc96:dced/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a834:d984:866c:9de8:9a5c/128
                                    On-link
 30     41 2003:c9:f72b:a855::/64   On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a855:ad8f:d4ac:5f38:682d/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 2003:c9:f72b:a855:d984:866c:9de8:9a5c/128
                                    On-link
 18    281 fe80::/64                On-link
 30    281 fe80::/64                On-link
 18    281 fe80::11db:d621:42c7:94fb/128
                                    On-link
 30    281 fe80::d984:866c:9de8:9a5c/128
                                    On-link
  1    331 ff00::/8                 On-link
 18    281 ff00::/8                 On-link
 30    281 ff00::/8                 On-link
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
  None

Answer 1

为了正确地传输数据包，有两件事必须是正确的：

1. 路由器2和路由器3不能启用NAT。
2. 正确的路由条目必须存在于所有节点上：

在路由器1上：

• 到192.168.68.0/24的路由必须存在，路由器是192.168.0.20
• 到192.168.13.0/24的路由必须存在，路由器是192.168.0.20

在路由器2上：

• 到192.168.0.0/24的路径必须存在。这是一条自动连接的线路.
• 到192.168.13.0/24的路径必须存在。这是一条自动连接的线路.

在路由器3上：

• 到192.168.0.0/24的路由必须存在，路由器是192.168.68.1。
• 到192.168.68.0/24的路径必须存在。这是一条自动连接的线路.

默认路由覆盖router 3上的路由。