安装快门时需要帮助修复破损的包裹

Question

简要背景：

最近，我错误地删除了libnl-3-200图书馆。并且能够按照错误删除libnl-3-200中的描述修复这个问题。

在网络运行之后，我做了sudo After自动删除和sudo After自动清洗。我注意到ubuntu试图删除重要的包，所以我通过按Ctrl + C停止了这个过程。

我有两台台式机: fvwm和gnome(ubuntu-默认)。在我重新启动系统后，gnome桌面没有出现在登录屏幕中。另外，我使用wicd网络管理器连接到互联网。

我试着遵循这个链接，安装动物园管理员服务器时出错的软件包，但没有帮助我。

当我做sudo apt-get install shutter时，我得到：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.

The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 shutter : Depends: libgnome2-perl but it is not going to be installed
           Depends: libgnome2-vfs-perl but it is not going to be installed
           Depends: libgtk2-unique-perl but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

接下来，我尝试运行sudo apt-get purge shutter。

日志是：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  apturl apturl-common epiphany-browser-data gir1.2-gmenu-3.0
  gnome-session-common guile-2.0-libs libatk1.0-0:i386
  libavahi-common-data:i386 libavahi-common3:i386 libavahi-gobject0
  libavahi-ui-gtk3-0 libbonobo2-0 libbonobo2-common libbonoboui2-common
  libcairo2:i386 libclass-data-inheritable-perl libclass-method-modifiers-perl
  libcommon-sense-perl libcrypt-openssl-bignum-perl libcrypt-openssl-rsa-perl
  libdata-random-perl libdatrie1:i386 libedata-cal-1.2-28 libexiv2-14
  libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libfreerdp-cache1.1
  libfreerdp-client1.1 libfreerdp-codec1.1 libfreerdp-common1.1.0
  libfreerdp-core1.1 libfreerdp-crypto1.1 libfreerdp-gdi1.1
  libfreerdp-locale1.1 libfreerdp-plugins-standard libfreerdp-primitives1.1
  libfreerdp-utils1.1 libfreetype6:i386 libgcrypt20:i386 libgd-perl
  libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:i386 libgexiv2-2 libglib2.0-0:i386 libgmp10:i386
  libgnome2-canvas-perl libgnome2-gconf-perl libgnome2-wnck-perl
  libgnomecanvas2-0 libgnomecanvas2-common libgnomeui-common libgnutls30:i386
  libgoo-canvas-perl libgoocanvas-common libgoocanvas3 libgraphite2-3:i386
  libgssapi-krb5-2:i386 libgtk2-appindicator-perl libgtk2-imageview-perl
  libgtkimageview0 libharfbuzz0b:i386 libhogweed4:i386
  libhttp-server-simple-perl libidn11:i386 libimage-magick-perl
  libimage-magick-q16-perl libjbig0:i386 libjpeg-turbo8:i386 libjpeg8:i386
  libjson-perl libjson-xs-perl libk5crypto3:i386 libkeyutils1:i386
  libkrb5-3:i386 libkrb5support0:i386 libmouse-perl libnet-dropbox-api-perl
  libnet-oauth-perl libnettle6:i386 liborbit-2-0 libp11-kit-gnome-keyring
  libp11-kit0:i386 libpango-1.0-0:i386 libpangocairo-1.0-0:i386
  libpangoft2-1.0-0:i386 libpath-class-perl libpixman-1-0:i386 libpng12-0:i386
  libproc-processtable-perl libproc-simple-perl libraw15
  libsort-naturally-perl libssh-4 libsystemd0:i386 libtasn1-6:i386
  libthai0:i386 libtiff5:i386 libtypes-serialiser-perl libvncclient1
  libwinpr-crt0.1 libwinpr-dsparse0.1 libwinpr-environment0.1 libwinpr-file0.1
  libwinpr-handle0.1 libwinpr-heap0.1 libwinpr-input0.1
  libwinpr-interlocked0.1 libwinpr-library0.1 libwinpr-path0.1
  libwinpr-pool0.1 libwinpr-registry0.1 libwinpr-rpc0.1 libwinpr-sspi0.1
  libwinpr-synch0.1 libwinpr-sysinfo0.1 libwinpr-thread0.1 libwinpr-utils0.1
  libwnck-common libwnck22 libwww-mechanize-perl libxcb-render0:i386
  libxcb-shm0:i386 libxcomposite1:i386 libxcursor1:i386 libxdamage1:i386
  libxfixes3:i386 libxinerama1:i386 libxrandr2:i386
  linux-signed-image-4.4.0-128-generic oneconf-common p11-kit p11-kit-modules
  perlmagick planner-data planner-doc python-aptdaemon
  python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets python-attr python-blinker python-cups
  python-debian python-debtagshw python-defer python-dirspec python-httplib2
  python-jwt python-oauthlib python-oneconf python-pam
  python-piston-mini-client python-pyasn1-modules python-serial
  python-service-identity python-twisted-bin python-twisted-core
  python-twisted-web python-xapian python-zope.interface python3-oneconf
  python3-piston-mini-client remmina-common scrollkeeper shotwell-common
  software-center-aptdaemon-plugins
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  shutter*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
(Reading database ... 349811 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing shutter (0.93.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Purging configuration files for shutter (0.93.1-1ubuntu1) ...

请帮我纠正这个问题？

Answer 1

我必须按这里提供的方式更新我的sources.list文件，由于未满足的依赖关系，Ubuntu16.04中没有安装快门

然后，我运行sudo apt-get更新，sudo apt-get升级，sudo apt-get dist升级。

并能够安装百叶窗，而不面临任何破碎的包装问题。

不过，经过多次攻击和试验后，解决方案还是奏效了.升级资源库后，我的ubuntu系统会产生什么影响？

Answer 2

shutter是GNOME套件的一部分，GNOME套件是通过元包装安装的，所以如果删除它，apt还必须删除元打包，因为它的依赖关系不再满足。这将导致仅作为元包依赖项安装的所有包也将被移除。

在初始安装过程中，Ubuntu系统只会告诉apt安装一堆元包，比如ubuntu-minimal、ubuntu-standard和gnome-desktop-environment，这些包包含要安装的应用程序的实际列表。这样，在将包添加到标准安装或从标准安装中删除时，不需要调整安装程序，而且升级也将适应新的列表。

这使得对新Ubuntu版本的升级更加健壮，例如，用systemd替换sysvinit的决定可以通过ubuntu-minimal包中的简单更改来传达，并且所有标准的Ubuntu安装都会相应地进行转换。

如果您想手动维护要安装的包列表，我建议您安装aptitude，它允许您在执行更改之前检查和修改更改列表。请注意，升级可能需要更多的手持。