Ubuntu 18.04从16.04 LTS升级失败

Question

我使用的是Ubuntu16.04LTS，我运行的是do-release-upgrade -d，但是升级失败了，错误消息说包有未满足的依赖项。

sudo apt-get -f install和sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade也未能修复这些错误。

以下是完整的错误消息：

Correcting dependencies... failed.

The following packages have unmet dependencies:

 checkbox-converged : Depends: qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin but it is not installable
 gnome-calendar : Depends: gsettings-desktop-schemas (>= 3.21.2) but 3.18.1-1ubuntu1 is installed

 gnome-session : Depends: gnome-shell (>= 3.25.91-0ubuntu4~) but it is not installed

                 Depends: gnome-session-bin (>= 3.28.1-0ubuntu2) but 3.18.1.2-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 is installed

                 Depends: gnome-session-common (= 3.28.1-0ubuntu2) but 3.18.1.2-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 is installed

                 Depends: xwayland but it is not installed

                 Recommends: fonts-cantarell but it is not installed

                 Recommends: adwaita-icon-theme-full

                 Recommends: gnome-themes-extra but it is not installed
 gnome-settings-daemon : Depends: libgnome-desktop-3-17 (>= 3.17.92) but it is not installed
                         Depends: gsettings-desktop-schemas (>= 3.20) but 3.18.1-1ubuntu1 is installed

 libc-dev-bin : Depends: libc6 (< 2.24) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed

 libc6-dbg : Depends: libc6 (= 2.23-0ubuntu10) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed

 libc6-dev : Depends: libc6 (= 2.23-0ubuntu10) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed

 libqt5quick5 : Depends: libqt5core5a (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                Depends: libqt5qml5 (>= 5.9.5) but 5.5.1-2ubuntu6 is installed

                Depends: qtbase-abi-5-9-5

                Depends: qtdeclarative-abi-5-9-5

 libunity-webapps0 : Depends: unity-webapps-service but it is not installable
 libwayland-egl1-mesa : Depends: libegl1 but it is not installed

 qml-module-qtquick-controls : Depends: libqt5qml5 (>= 5.9.5) but 5.5.1-2ubuntu6 is installed

                               Depends: libqt5core5a (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                               Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                               Depends: qtbase-abi-5-9-5

                               Depends: qtdeclarative-abi-5-9-5

 qml-module-qtquick-dialogs : Depends: libqt5qml5 (>= 5.9.5) but 5.5.1-2ubuntu6 is installed

                              Depends: libqt5core5a (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                              Depends: libqt5gui5 (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                              Depends: qtbase-abi-5-9-5

                              Depends: qtdeclarative-abi-5-9-5

 qml-module-qtquick-window2 : Depends: libqt5core5a (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                              Depends: qtdeclarative-abi-5-9-5

 qml-module-qtwebkit : Depends: libqt5core5a (>= 5.9.0~beta) but 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 is installed

                       Depends: qtdeclarative-abi-5-9-5
 qml-module-ubuntu-test : Depends: qml-module-ubuntu-components but it is not installable

                          Depends: libubuntugestures5 but it is not installable

 qml-module-ubuntu-ui-extras-browser : Depends: qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin (>= 1.3) but it is not installable or

                                                qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin-gles (>= 1.3) but it is not installable

 qml-module-ubuntu-web : Depends: qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin (>= 1.3) but it is not installable or

                                  qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin-gles (>= 1.3) but it is not installable

 unity-control-center : Depends: libgnome-desktop-3-17 (>= 3.27.90) but it is not installed

                        Recommends: system-config-printer but it is not installed

                        Recommends: gnome-control-center-faces but it is not installed

 unity-webapps-qml : Depends: qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin but it is not installable or

                              qtdeclarative5-ubuntu-ui-toolkit-plugin-gles but it is not installable

E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

E: Unable to correct dependencies

此外，GUI变得有些奇怪。

发生了什么？

Answer 1

根据错误消息E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.，您似乎得到了许多损坏的包。要解决问题，请查看文件/var/log/dist-upgrade/apt.log。找到已损坏的包，并使用sudo apt-get remove broken-package删除它们。如果存在依赖关系错误，那么尝试重新安装包：sudo apt-get install --reinstall broken-package。

现在尝试修复依赖关系错误：

sudo apt-get -f install

重新启动并再次尝试升级。