安装自编Python3.7.0作为" Python "，如何删除它？

Question

我在我的Ubuntu16.04服务器上犯了一个巨大的错误。

我使用make altinstall从源代码编译和安装Python3.7.0，但是我没有包含所需的所有核心依赖项，所以我打算删除它并安装一个预打包的deb。

但是，为了删除它，我使用了这种方法与校验。我生成了一个deb，这样我就可以删除由原始安装创建的所有文件，但是对于deb的包名，我只留下了默认的python。

现在，我安装了以下软件包：

$ sudo dpkg -l python
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                                  Version                         Architecture                    Description
+++-=====================================================-===============================-===============================-===============================================================================================================
ri  python                                                3.7.0-1                         amd64                           Package created with checkinstall 1.6.2

这意味着我不能运行dpkg -r python，因为系统包依赖于一个名为python的元打包：

$ sudo dpkg -r python
dpkg: dependency problems prevent removal of python:
 python-ldb depends on python (<< 2.8).
 python-ldb depends on python (>= 2.7~).
 python-ldb depends on python (<< 2.8).
 python-ldb depends on python (>= 2.7~).
 python-ldb depends on python (<< 2.8).
 python-ldb depends on python (>= 2.7~).
 python-talloc depends on python (<< 2.8).
 python-talloc depends on python (>= 2.7~).
 python-talloc depends on python (<< 2.8).
 python-talloc depends on python (>= 2.7~).
 python-pyicu depends on python (>= 2.7).
 python-pyicu depends on python (<< 2.8).
 python-pyicu depends on python (>= 2.7).
 python-pyicu depends on python (<< 2.8).
 samba-common-bin depends on python.
 samba depends on python (>= 2.7).
 samba depends on python (<< 2.8).
 samba depends on python (>= 2.7).
 samba depends on python (<< 2.8).
 iotop depends on python (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2).
 iotop depends on python (<< 2.8).
 iotop depends on python (>= 2.7.1-0ubuntu2).
 iotop depends on python (<< 2.8).
 python-cryptography depends on python (<< 2.8).
 py
dpkg: error processing package python (--remove):
 dependency problems - not removing
Errors were encountered while processing:
 python

而且我无法再次安装默认版本的python，因为python安装了错误的版本：

$ sudo apt install python
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
python is already the newest version (3.7.0-1).
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 iotop : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
 python-acme : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
               Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-asn1crypto : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                     Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-certifi : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
 python-cffi-backend : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
 python-chardet : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                  Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-configparser : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
 python-crypto : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
                 Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-cryptography : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
                       Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-dnspython : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                    Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-enum34 : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                 Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-funcsigs : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                   Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-future : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                 Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-idna : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
               Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-ipaddress : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                    Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-josepy : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                 Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-ldb : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
              Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-mock : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
               Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-openssl : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                  Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-parsedatetime : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                        Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-pbr : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
              Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-pkg-resources : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                        Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-pyicu : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
 python-requests : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                   Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-requests-toolbelt : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                            Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-rfc3339 : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                  Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-samba : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
 python-setuptools : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                     Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-six : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
              Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-talloc : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
 python-tdb : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
              Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 python-tz : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
 python-urllib3 : Depends: python:any (< 2.8)
                  Depends: python:any (>= 2.7.5-5~)
 samba : Depends: python (< 2.8) but 3.7.0-1 is to be installed
         Recommends: attr but it is not going to be installed
         Recommends: samba-dsdb-modules but it is not going to be installed
         Recommends: samba-vfs-modules but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

跑步让我害怕，所以我选择了不：

$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  iotop python-acme python-asn1crypto python-certifi python-cffi-backend python-chardet python-configparser python-crypto python-cryptography python-dnspython python-enum34 python-funcsigs python-future python-idna python-ipaddress
  python-josepy python-ldb python-mock python-openssl python-parsedatetime python-pbr python-pkg-resources python-pyicu python-requests python-requests-toolbelt python-rfc3339 python-samba python-setuptools python-six python-talloc
  python-tdb python-tz python-urllib3 samba samba-common-bin samba-libs
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 36 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 56.7 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

有什么办法从这件事中恢复过来吗？提前感谢！

Answer 1

通常情况下，apt-get dist-upgrade会将这些包替换为您已经启用的实际apt源中的包，但在您的系统上似乎没有这样做。

看起来您将找到一种需要重新安装原始Python包的方法。

幸运的是，您可以通过指定所需的包版本来做到这一点。

但首先你得弄清楚那个版本是什么。为此，请使用apt policy。您应该看到类似于此的内容：

error@vmtest-ubuntu1604:~$ sudo apt policy python
python:
  Installed: 3.7.0-1
  Candidate: 2.7.12-1~16.04
  Version table:
 *** 2.7.12-1~16.04 500
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.7.11-1 500
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages

既然您有了它的版本号，就可以专门安装它了：

error@vmtest-ubuntu1604:~$ sudo apt install python=2.7.12-1~16.04 

(即使出现提示，也不要在这里使用-f。)