在Hetzner上的硬盘

Question

Hi从Hetzner订购了一个服务器，并向服务器添加了一个500 to的SSD。运行安装映像，我不确定软件Raid是否在我的所有三个硬盘上工作。如何将软Raid添加到新添加的SSD中？

我不介意重新安装服务器。

硬盘我有2 x 1 1TB 1 x 500 1TB SSD

这是我的秘密

df -h输出

[root@CentOS-610-64-minimal ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/md2        906G  886M  859G   1% /
tmpfs            16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/md1        496M   35M  436M   8% /boot
[root@CentOS-610-64-minimal ~]#

fdisk -l输出

[root@CentOS-610-64-minimal ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xca606b93

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        2089    16777216   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb2            2089        2155      524288   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb3            2155       62261   482804056   fd  Linux raid autodetect

Disk /dev/sdc: 512.1 GB, 512110190592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 62260 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x8b577ece

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1        2089    16777216   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdc2            2089        2155      524288   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdc3            2155       62261   482804056   fd  Linux raid autodetect

Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x595cad86

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1        2089    16777216   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda2            2089        2155      524288   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sda3            2155       62261   482804056   fd  Linux raid autodetect

Disk /dev/md1: 536 MB, 536805376 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 131056 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/md0: 17.2 GB, 17179738112 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 4194272 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/md2: 988.8 GB, 988782002176 bytes
2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 241401856 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

cat /proc/mdstat输出

[root@CentOS-610-64-minimal ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md2 : active raid5 sda3[0] sdb3[1] sdc3[3]
      965607424 blocks super 1.0 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
      bitmap: 0/4 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk

md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1] sdc1[2]
      16777088 blocks super 1.0 [3/3] [UUU]

md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] sdc2[2]
      524224 blocks [3/3] [UUU]

unused devices: <none>

mdadm -D /dev/md0输出

[root@CentOS-610-64-minimal ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 1.0
  Creation Time : Sat Oct  6 04:49:31 2018
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 16777088 (16.00 GiB 17.18 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 16777088 (16.00 GiB 17.18 GB)
   Raid Devices : 3
  Total Devices : 3
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sat Oct  6 06:02:45 2018
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           Name : rescue:0
           UUID : b4cf051f:22b30734:e45d5bca:cfff80e8
         Events : 21

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8        1        0      active sync   /dev/sda1
       1       8       17        1      active sync   /dev/sdb1
       2       8       33        2      active sync   /dev/sdc1

mdadm -D /dev/md1输出

[root@CentOS-610-64-minimal ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
        Version : 0.90
  Creation Time : Sat Oct  6 04:49:31 2018
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 524224 (511.94 MiB 536.81 MB)
  Used Dev Size : 524224 (511.94 MiB 536.81 MB)
   Raid Devices : 3
  Total Devices : 3
Preferred Minor : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sat Oct  6 04:53:41 2018
          State : active
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

           UUID : f1fd684a:98b3c1eb:776c2c25:004bd7b2
         Events : 0.23

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8        2        0      active sync   /dev/sda2
       1       8       18        1      active sync   /dev/sdb2
       2       8       34        2      active sync   /dev/sdc2

mdadm -D /dev/md2输出

[root@CentOS-610-64-minimal ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md2
/dev/md2:
        Version : 1.0
  Creation Time : Sat Oct  6 04:49:37 2018
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 965607424 (920.88 GiB 988.78 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 482803712 (460.44 GiB 494.39 GB)
   Raid Devices : 3
  Total Devices : 3
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

  Intent Bitmap : Internal

    Update Time : Sat Oct  6 11:02:41 2018
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : rescue:2
           UUID : 6ebb511f:a7000ca5:c98b1501:4d2b3707
         Events : 1330

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8        3        0      active sync   /dev/sda3
       1       8       19        1      active sync   /dev/sdb3
       3       8       35        2      active sync   /dev/sdc3

赫茨纳InstallerImage文件

DRIVE1 /dev/sda
DRIVE2 /dev/sdb
DRIVE3 /dev/sdc

SWRAID 1
SWRAIDLEVEL 5

PART swap swap 16G
PART /boot ext3 512M
PART / ext4 all

Answer 1

您的输出显示您有2*2TB磁盘，并且您有一个RAID5和两个RAID1。

md2 : active raid5 
md0 : active raid1
md1 : active raid1

正如注释中提到的，RAID5中的一个SSD和两个常规磁盘没有多大意义。

我建议使用SSD和旋转磁盘设置为写的RAID1 -主要是。

使用SSD创建一个RAID1，用选项--bitmap=internal /dev/ssd --write-mostly --write-behind /dev/disk1 /dev/disk2创建另外两个磁盘的500 of。详情请参见man mdadm。

这将将所有内容写入SSD，并最终写入旋转磁盘。读取将来自快速SSD，除非SSD失败，只有这样才能从其他磁盘读取数据。您可以从SSD和其他磁盘上的镜像中快速读取和写入，以防SSD失败。

旋转磁盘上的其他1,5GB的数据可以合并到另一个RAID1中，这些数据不需要快速访问，也不适合0,5GB的SSD RAID。