当apt-get和dpkg没有帮助时，如何强制删除带有未满足依赖项的MySQL和MariaDB？

Question

我在我的Ubuntu16.04LTS上安装了mysql-server，它运行得很好.

接下来，我安装了mariadb-server和mariadb-client。有一些与MySQL的连接，所以我决定强制卸载所有的MariaDB组件。在那之后，我对MySQL有了问题。所以我决定强行重新安装MySQL..。

我无法卸载mysql-server，因为卸载MariaDB后存在未满足的依赖关系.

因此，我尝试了所有可能的组合与apt-get和dpkg强行移除MySQL和MariaDB的遗骸.最后，不幸的是，我还手动删除了目录树中的所有文件，其中包含了来自MySQL或MariaDB的任何文件.

$ sudo dpkg --audit
The following packages have been unpacked but not yet configured.
They must be configured using dpkg --configure or the configure
menu option in dselect for them to work:
 mysql-server         MySQL Server meta package depending on latest version

The following packages are missing the list control file in the
database, they need to be reinstalled:
 mariadb-client       MariaDB database client (metapackage depending on the lat
 mariadb-server-10.0  MariaDB database server binaries
 mariadb-server-core-10.0 MariaDB database core server files

The following packages are missing the md5sums control file in the
database, they need to be reinstalled:
 mariadb-client       MariaDB database client (metapackage depending on the lat
 mariadb-server-10.0  MariaDB database server binaries
 mariadb-server-core-10.0 MariaDB database core server files

但是我仍然不能重新安装MySQL，因为与MariaDB相关的依赖项丢失了，反之亦然.

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
mysql-server is already the newest version (5.7.22-1ubuntu16.04).
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 mariadb-client : Depends: mariadb-client-10.0 (>= 10.0.34-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) but it is not going to be installed
 mariadb-server-10.0 : PreDepends: mariadb-common (>= 10.0.34-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) but it is not going to be installed
                       Depends: mariadb-client-10.0 (>= 10.0.34-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) but it is not going to be installed
                       Breaks: mysql-server
 mariadb-server-core-10.0 : Depends: mariadb-common (>= 10.0.34-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) but it is not going to be installed
 mysql-server : Depends: mysql-community-server (= 5.7.22-1ubuntu16.04) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).


$ sudo dpkg --configure mysql-server
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server:
 mysql-server depends on mysql-community-server (= 5.7.22-1ubuntu16.04); however:
  Package mysql-community-server is not installed.
 mariadb-server-10.0 (10.0.34-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) breaks mysql-server and is installed.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mysql-server

还有另一份清单：

$ sudo dpkg --list | grep -i mysql
ii  dbconfig-mysql                             2.0.4ubuntu1                                             all          dbconfig-common MySQL/MariaDB support
ii  libdbd-mysql-perl                          4.033-1ubuntu0.1                                         amd64        Perl5 database interface to the MySQL database
ii  libmysqlclient20:amd64                     5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1                                  amd64        MySQL database client library
ii  mysql-apt-config                           0.8.9-1                                                  all          Auto configuration for MySQL APT Repo.
ii  mysql-common                               5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1                                  all          MySQL database common files, e.g. /etc/mysql/my.cnf
iU  mysql-server                               5.7.22-1ubuntu16.04                                      amd64        MySQL Server meta package depending on latest version
rc  mysql-server-5.7                           5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1                                  amd64        MySQL database server binaries and system database setup
ii  php-mysql                                  1:7.2+60+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1                    all          MySQL module for PHP [default]
ii  php5.6-mysql                               5.6.35-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1                    amd64        MySQL module for PHP
ii  php7.2-mysql                               7.2.5-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1                     amd64        MySQL module for PHP
ii  phpmyadmin                                 4:4.5.4.1-2ubuntu2                                       all          MySQL web administration tool
ii  python-pymysql                             0.7.2-1ubuntu1                                           all          Pure-Python MySQL driver - Python 2.x


$ sudo dpkg --list | grep -i mariadb
ii  dbconfig-mysql                             2.0.4ubuntu1                                             all          dbconfig-common MySQL/MariaDB support
ii  mariadb-client                             10.0.34-0ubuntu0.16.04.1                                 all          MariaDB database client (metapackage depending on the latest version)
ii  mariadb-server-10.0                        10.0.34-0ubuntu0.16.04.1                                 amd64        MariaDB database server binaries
ii  mariadb-server-core-10.0                   10.0.34-0ubuntu0.16.04.1                                 amd64        MariaDB database core server files


$ sudo dpkg -i | grep mysql
dpkg: error: --install needs at least one package archive file argument


$ sudo dpkg -i | grep mariadb
dpkg: error: --install needs at least one package archive file argument

实际上，我需要在我的系统上安装MySQL，但是我不能重新安装Ubuntu。

我知道我自己制造了很多问题，但也许比我聪明的人能给我一些有用的建议。

我相信解决这个问题，可以帮助很多处于类似情况的人，其他服务也可以这样做。

Answer 1

上帝存在！

这一问题通过以下方式得到解决：

sudo apt-get -f install

没有任何其他参数

稍后，通过以下方式显示所有软件包：

sudo dpkg -l | grep mariadb
sudo dpkg -l | grep mysql

并按照正确的顺序删除有问题的包：

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove package_name

在完全删除所有有问题的软件包后，我可以重新安装MySQL，没有任何问题.

谢谢你@MarkWagner的帮助。