无法启动postgres服务，因为预期文件不在运行目录中

Question

最近我试图在我的拱形机器上安装postgres。我能够以postgres用户的身份运行initdb命令，但实际上无法运行该服务。当我试图运行db时，我在我的终端中看到了这样的情况：

insomnia@the-void ~/p/lemmy (main)> su - postgres -c "pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgres/data -l logfile start"
Password: 
waiting for server to start.... stopped waiting
pg_ctl: could not start server
Examine the log output.
insomnia@the-void ~/p/lemmy (main) [1]> cat logfile
2023-05-11 06:31:05.607 EDT [6545] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 15.2 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 12.2.1 20230211, 64-bit
2023-05-11 06:31:05.607 EDT [6545] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
2023-05-11 06:31:05.607 EDT [6545] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
2023-05-11 06:31:05.609 EDT [6545] FATAL:  could not create lock file "/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock": No such file or directory
2023-05-11 06:31:05.611 EDT [6545] LOG:  database system is shut down
2023-05-11 06:37:28.083 EDT [7218] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 15.2 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 12.2.1 20230211, 64-bit
2023-05-11 06:37:28.083 EDT [7218] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
2023-05-11 06:37:28.083 EDT [7218] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
2023-05-11 06:37:28.085 EDT [7218] FATAL:  could not create lock file "/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock": No such file or directory
2023-05-11 06:37:28.087 EDT [7218] LOG:  database system is shut down
2023-05-11 06:38:39.659 EDT [7363] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 15.2 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 12.2.1 20230211, 64-bit
2023-05-11 06:38:39.660 EDT [7363] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
2023-05-11 06:38:39.660 EDT [7363] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
2023-05-11 06:38:39.662 EDT [7363] FATAL:  could not create lock file "/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock": No such file or directory
2023-05-11 06:38:39.666 EDT [7363] LOG:  database system is shut down
2023-05-11 06:38:53.104 EDT [7430] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 15.2 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 12.2.1 20230211, 64-bit
2023-05-11 06:38:53.105 EDT [7430] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
2023-05-11 06:38:53.105 EDT [7430] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
2023-05-11 06:38:53.106 EDT [7430] FATAL:  could not create lock file "/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock": No such file or directory
2023-05-11 06:38:53.108 EDT [7430] LOG:  database system is shut down

我检查了run目录，就像日志中说的那样，这里没有postgres：

insomnia@the-void ~/p/lemmy (main)> ls -a /run
./       containerd/   dbus/             docker/       faillock/   log/    mount/           nvidia-xdriver-d8991f8f=  samba/  systemd/     udev/     utmp
../      credentials/  dmeventd-client|  docker.pid    initramfs/  lvm/    NetworkManager/  openvpn-client/           sddm/   tmpfiles.d/  udisks2/  xtables.lock
clamav/  cups/         dmeventd-server|  docker.sock=  lock/       media/  nscd/            openvpn-server/           sudo/   tpm2-tss/    user/
insomnia@the-void ~/p/lemmy (main)> ls -a /run | grep postgresql
insomnia@the-void ~/p/lemmy (main) [0|1]> 

如何确保预期的目录/文件在/run中？

Answer 1

你掉进陷阱了！拱维基文本本身没有说要使用pg_ctl start。相反，它说：

最后，开始和启用 postgresql.service

这些连词说：

当一篇文章邀请启动、启用、停止或重新启动某些systemd单元(例如服务)时，它将不会指示这样做的详细说明，但是您将看到这样的内容: start example.service --这意味着您必须运行：# systemctl Start example.service -- 系统%d文章包含了在Arch中与systemd单元交互的所有详细说明。

要启动和启用postgresql，请执行以下操作：

systemctl enable postgresql
systemctl start postgresql

这将使用系统服务定义。我们可能会猜测，这知道如何创建/run/postgresql/。

因为Arch使用systemd，所以它将确保postgresql直接由PID 1启动。它将避免意外地继承您可能在终端中拥有的任何特殊的自定义环境。又干净又漂亮。