解密smartctl结果

Question

我试图使用一个2.5英寸的硬盘作为我的外部存储介质和备份。在我的一些文件被损坏之前，这个硬盘在Windows机器上已经存在很长时间了，所以我只是将它更改为SSD。CrystalDiskInfo报告驱动器的健康状况是‘很好’，然而，HDDScan显示了对"UltraDMA CRC错误“的警告。

这是在它上运行smartctl -a的结果：

smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-w64-mingw32-w10-21H2] (sf-7.3-1)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Seagate Mobile HDD
Device Model:     ST1000LM035-1RK172
Firmware Version: SDM1
User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Form Factor:      2.5 inches
Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5319
ATA Version is:   ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 3b
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                    was never started.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x71) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    No Auto Offline data collection support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    No Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 169) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x3035) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   072   051   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       15037148
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   099   099   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   065   065   020    Old_age   Always       -       36007
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   036    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   080   060   045    Pre-fail  Always       -       22014115380
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   100   086   000    Old_age   Always       -       55 (236 20 0)
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   092   020    Old_age   Always       -       56
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   100   100   099    Old_age   Always       -       0
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       3990
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   081   000    Old_age   Always       -       30067195949
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   068   049   040    Old_age   Always       -       32 (Min/Max 29/32)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       197
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       69
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   064   064   000    Old_age   Always       -       73637
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   032   051   000    Old_age   Always       -       32 (0 18 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   051   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   051   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       3
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       12591 (154 139 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written      0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       98336960706
242 Total_LBAs_Read         0x0000   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       114926523300
254 Free_Fall_Sensor        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 3475 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
    CR = Command Register [HEX]
    FR = Features Register [HEX]
    SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
    SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
    CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
    CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
    DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
    DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
    ER = Error register [HEX]
    ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 3475 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 29 hours (1 days + 5 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 88 7d f4 09  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x09f47d88 = 167017864

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 08 88 7d f4 49 00      00:38:49.208  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 80 7d f4 49 00      00:38:49.195  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 b0 a8 21 49 00      00:38:49.182  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 a8 a8 21 49 00      00:38:49.181  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 a0 a8 21 49 00      00:38:49.181  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 3474 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 29 hours (1 days + 5 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 80 7d f4 09  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x09f47d80 = 167017856

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 08 80 7d f4 49 00      00:38:46.657  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 78 7d f4 49 00      00:38:46.625  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 10 03 00 00 00 a0 00      00:38:46.615  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00      00:38:46.605  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00      00:38:46.578  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]

Error 3473 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 29 hours (1 days + 5 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 78 7d f4 09  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x09f47d78 = 167017848

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 08 78 7d f4 49 00      00:38:44.127  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 70 7d f4 49 00      00:38:44.095  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 10 03 00 00 00 a0 00      00:38:44.085  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00      00:38:44.076  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00      00:38:44.049  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]

Error 3472 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 29 hours (1 days + 5 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 70 7d f4 09  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x09f47d70 = 167017840

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 08 70 7d f4 49 00      00:38:41.598  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 68 7d f4 49 00      00:38:41.566  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 10 03 00 00 00 a0 00      00:38:41.556  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00      00:38:41.547  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00      00:38:41.520  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]

Error 3471 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 29 hours (1 days + 5 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 68 7d f4 09  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x09f47d68 = 167017832

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 08 68 7d f4 49 00      00:38:39.013  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  60 00 08 60 7d f4 49 00      00:38:38.987  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  ef 10 03 00 00 00 a0 00      00:38:38.977  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00      00:38:38.968  SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
  27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00      00:38:38.941  READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%        22         282912
# 2  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%        20         282912
# 3  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%        18         282912
# 4  Conveyance offline  Completed: read failure       90%        18         282912
# 5  Short offline       Completed: read failure       80%        18         282912
# 6  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%        17         282912
# 7  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%         2         64400520
# 8  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%         2         64400520
# 9  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%         2         64400520
#10  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      9245         -
#11  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      4741         -
#12  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      4667         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

这让我有点困惑。该驱动器是连接到我的计算机通过USB (适配器)，没有品牌的名称，但smartctl显示它是"USB JMicron“。这个"USB JMicron“适配器是否导致了"UltraDMA CRC错误”或其他问题？

由于我不确定是什么导致了当时的数据损坏，我想知道基于smartctl的信息，这个驱动器实际上是否安全可靠。任何帮助破译诊断信息将不胜感激。

Answer 1

USB - sATA :这种设备必须将USB命令集转换为sATA命令集.最重要和最频繁的是命令读取扇区(块)并写入它。一些USB/sATA设备不翻译其他命令，因此smartctl和hdparm无法获取服务信息。有些(包括JMicron)会翻译所有命令。较新的smartctl版本可以自动检测芯片组并使用它。

使用smartctl，您既可以启动磁盘自动测试，也可以只收集保存的日志信息。对于磁盘，194 Temperature是重要的，因为如果温度接近Currie温度，它的磁性就会不可逆转地退化。将工作温度控制在40摄氏度以下是安全的。(越少越好)有些HD也记得温度的历史。

硬盘通常有一些预留扇区(块)，如果mg的某些部分使用。表面状况不好。这类行业的数量是5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct。如果小于100，这个数字不能表示不可使用的磁盘。在跳转到预留扇区时，它可能会增加一些负荷。更危险的是，如果这样的数字随着时间的增长。在这种情况下，不建议使用它。

197 Current_Pending_Sector可能更烦人，因为磁盘控制器无法用它的CRC来确认扇区内容。有时这类扇区可能是意外创建的，可以在重写后解散，但在某些情况下，它是在重新分配之前。

我真的不确定，199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count是什么意思，但是当磁头在mg表面上飞行时，寻找错误就会发生，就像表示les的读取错误那样，那么就会有0.01%的读取错误发生。

SSD不会在高温下降解太多，通常也不会消耗太多的能量。它们也有一些备用块(不是扇区，而是更大的块)，因为块需要立即被擦除和写入。SSD控制器对块做了很多杂耍，因为每个写操作都缩短了它的寿命。因此，您必须观看241 Total_LBAs_Written。

您可以看到SSD的TBW参数，什么是Tera写的缩略词。

如果你用SSD容量除以这个数字，你可以看到，在廉价的SSD和cca 500次的情况下，一个块可以写不到100次。只有服务器的SSD才能超过一个块的10000次写入。

在下一次使用之前，您可以对整个磁盘进行调零，并再次检查smartctl -x。如果没有或只是小的变化，好的。

Answer 2

自动脱机数据收集:禁用-对于某些驱动器，此设置会导致智能值无法正确更新，因此请考虑启用它。

UDMA CRC错误有时会发生。如果这个值很高，并且不断上升，您可能不得不更换SATA电缆或端口(或整个USB外壳)。

看起来，开机时间计数器要么已经溢出(正常的长时间运行驱动器)，要么被故意重置为0(有时发生在易趣上出售的硬盘上)。

这个驱动器的真正问题是，它目前在自我测试中存在读取错误；总的来说，这似乎是一个旧的驱动器，现在显示出失败的迹象(已经丢失了那些读取失败的数据)。

如果您仍然需要恢复此驱动器的任何数据，则ddrescue将是下一步。

如果您不关心驱动器上的数据，您可以在破坏性写入模式下运行坏块测试(非破坏性的测试不会覆盖读取错误，因此无助于重新分配扇区)，或者使用其他工具覆盖它。

然后再次检查智能并进行另一次自我测试。

不管怎样，我都不会再对这场运动抱有太大的信任了。

Answer 3

你只有三个这样的错误，我不担心。

然而，我担心的是Command_Timeout，它是疯狂的高(30,067,195,949)，但如果你没有任何可感知的减速，没有必要担心。这并不意味着驱动器正在消亡，但可能会显示出一些例如接口问题。