无法在debian操作系统中安装任何软件包

Question

我是linux的新手，我试着根据需要安装apache、wget、nfs等软件包。但连一个包裹都没有安装，都是-

候选人失败了，像错误一样-

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package wget is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'wget' has no installation candidate

来自sudo apt update的输出

~$ sudo apt update
Err:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'download.docker.com'
Err:2 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stable InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org'
Err:3 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'ftp.us.debian.org'
Err:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org'
Err:5 http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian-security stable/updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org'
Err:6 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable-updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'ftp.us.debian.org'
Err:7 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org'
Err:8 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable-updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org'
Err:9 http://deb.debian.org/debian-security stable/updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'deb.debian.org'
Ign:10 cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 10.9.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20210327-10:38] buster InRelease
Err:11 cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 10.9.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20210327-10:38] buster Release
  Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs
Err:12 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'security.debian.org'
Err:13 http://security.debian.org stable/updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'security.debian.org'
Err:14 http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster-backports InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'ftp.debian.org'
Err:15 https://packages.debian.org/stable/web buster InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'packages.debian.org'
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'cdrom://[Debian GNU/Linux 10.9.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20210327-10:38] buster Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

还更新了下载包的sources.list，这也是失败的。

sources.list的详细信息

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 10.9.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20210327-10:38]/ buster main

deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 10.9.0 _Buster_ - Official amd64 NETINST 20210327-10:38]/ buster main

# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates main

# buster-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
# A network mirror was not selected during install.  The following entries
# are provided as examples, but you should amend them as appropriate
# for your mirror of choice.
#
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ buster-updates main

# new custom url
deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster stable

# custom url 2 for debian
deb https://packages.debian.org/stable/web/ buster web

# custm url

deb http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian stable main
deb http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian-security stable/updates main


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
#                   OFFICIAL DEBIAN REPOS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------#

###### Debian Main Repos
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable-updates main contrib
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stable-updates main contrib

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security stable/updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security stable/updates main

deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster-backports main
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian buster-backports main

# Debian Ressources
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free

deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stable-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stable-updates main contrib non-free

deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free

操作系统: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)

Answer 1

发生的错误是因为在使用包管理器apt install *命令时没有解析源列表。当使用curl -I "http://..."解决相同的链接时，会发生混淆

因此，在为包管理器apt配置代理设置并能够下载所需的包之后，

为APT包管理器设置代理

$ sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80proxy

Acquire::http::proxy "http://10.10.1.10:8080/";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://10.10.1.10:8080/";
Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://10.10.1.10:8080/";

下面是我用来理解代理设置和配置的链接 -

谢谢你@GAD3R @Panki @telcoM

我从你的评论和回答中得到了提示和指导:)

Answer 2

您的sources.list中有一些重复的源。也禁用cdrom回购。要更正您的sources.list，请使用以下命令(此处-文档副本和终端中的过去)：

cat <<EOF |sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list

deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian buster stable

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free

EOF

然后跑：

echo -e "nameserver 8.8.8.8\nnameserver 8.8.4.4" |sudo tee -a /etc/resolv.conf
sudo apt update
sudo apt install wget

Debian: Sources.list