为CentOS 8系统获取正确的存储库

Question

对不起，如果这是一个非常基本的问题，但我从来没有真正需要深入研究百胜/dnf。

历史:当停止更新时，我重新构建了一个运行Centos 7的服务器。我没有那么重视我的构建，只是下载了网络安装，并使用它来加载我所需要的一切。

我确实注意到没有更新发生，并发现了一些提示更新流丢失在基本发行版中的东西。我按照说明添加了这一点，并获得了许多更新。

我还从一张完整的DVD映像中加载了一个VM在我的笔记本上。

现在:在我的服务器上看不到任何更新。有一段时间没有了。这听起来很奇怪。它似乎也是8.0，而VM版本是8.2，而且它确实会得到更新。

当我列出存储库时，会有轻微的不同；

服务器：

# yum repolist enabled
repo id                                               repo name
appstream                                             CentOS Stream 8 - AppStream
baseos                                                CentOS Stream 8 - BaseOS
epel                                                  Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
epel-modular                                          Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_64
extras                                                CentOS Stream 8 - Extras

VM：

# yum repolist
repo id                                                   repo name
AppStream                                                 CentOS-8 - AppStream
BaseOS                                                    CentOS-8 - Base
extras                                                    CentOS-8 - Extras
google-chrome                                             google-chrome

VM不需要epel回购，所以这是可以的。但基本回购的清单是不同的..。

有人能告诉我如何为我的服务器安装正确的回复吗？(重建并不是一种选择-在升级之后，一切恢复正常所需的时间太长了)。

试着更新，我一直都看到这个：

# dnf update
Last metadata expiration check: 2:20:32 ago on Sun 29 Nov 2020 11:18:48 AM PST.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

日志输出：

2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DDEBUG Command: dnf update 
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DDEBUG Installroot: /
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DDEBUG Releasever: 8
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG cachedir: /var/cache/dnf
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DDEBUG Base command: update
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DDEBUG Extra commands: ['update']
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG User-Agent: constructed: 'libdnf (CentOS Stream 8; generic; Linux.x86_64)'
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG repo: using cache for: appstream
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG appstream: using metadata from Thu 29 Oct 2020 06:52:17 PM PDT.
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG repo: using cache for: baseos
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG baseos: using metadata from Thu 29 Oct 2020 06:52:12 PM PDT.
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG repo: using cache for: extras
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG extras: using metadata from Fri 10 Jul 2020 07:19:28 AM PDT.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG repo: using cache for: epel-modular
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG epel-modular: using metadata from Mon 16 Nov 2020 06:30:02 PM PST.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG repo: using cache for: epel
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG epel: using metadata from Sat 28 Nov 2020 05:04:32 PM PST.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z INFO Last metadata expiration check: 2:20:32 ago on Sun 29 Nov 2020 11:18:48 AM PST.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DDEBUG timer: sack setup: 420 ms
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG Completion plugin: Generating completion cache...
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG --> Starting dependency resolution
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG --> Finished dependency resolution
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DDEBUG timer: depsolve: 108 ms
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z INFO Dependencies resolved.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z INFO Nothing to do.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z INFO Complete!
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DDEBUG Cleaning up.

# cat /etc/*-release
CentOS Stream release 8
NAME="CentOS Stream"
VERSION="8"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="8"
PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Stream 8"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:8"
HOME_URL="https://centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="CentOS Stream"

# grep -rH enabled=1 /etc/yum.repos.d/*
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-modular.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo:enabled=1

请注意，这与我的VM有何不同：

# grep -rH enabled=1 /etc/yum.repos.d/*
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-AppStream.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Extras.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-modular.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/google-chrome.repo:enabled=1

镜表

关于VM：

# find /var -name mirrorlist 
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/AppStream-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/BaseOS-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/extras-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/AppStream-a520ed22b0a8a736/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/BaseOS-929b586ef1f72f69/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/extras-2770d521ba03e231/mirrorlist

# find /var -name mirrorlist -exec cat {} \;
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/extras/x86_64/os/

在服务器上：

# find /var -name mirrorlist 
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/AppStream-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/BaseOS-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/extras-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/appstream-773ef6463612e8e2/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/baseos-055ffcb2ec25a27f/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/extras-9705a089504ff150/mirrorlist

# find /var -name mirrorlist -exec cat {} \;
http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/linux/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://repo.miserver.it.umich.edu/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.mojohost.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.genesisadaptive.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.san.fastserv.com/pub/linux/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirrors.usinternet.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://repos.lax.layerhost.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://ewr.edge.kernel.org/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://repo1.dal.innoscale.net/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirrors.xtom.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.nodesdirect.com/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://distro.ibiblio.org/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.linux.duke.edu/pub/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.mojohost.com/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.sfo12.us.leaseweb.net/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.sesp.northwestern.edu/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.trouble-free.net/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.web-ster.com/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.rackspace.com/CentOS/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.ette.biz/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.wdc1.us.leaseweb.net/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.rackspace.com/CentOS/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.vcu.edu/pub/gnu_linux/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirrors.raystedman.org/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://centos.mirror.constant.com/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://us.mirror.nsec.pt/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.oss.ou.edu/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.sesp.northwestern.edu/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/extras/x86_64/os/

所以完全不同..。

.repo文件的内容(仅列出Centos文件，而不是epel)：

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo:

# CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.

[appstream]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - AppStream
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=AppStream&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

-----------------------------------------------------

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo:

# CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.

[baseos]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - BaseOS
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=BaseOS&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

-----------------------------------------------------

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo:

# CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo
#
# All debug packages are merged into a single repo, split by basearch, and are
# not signed.

[debuginfo]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Debuginfo
baseurl=http://debuginfo.centos.org/$stream/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

-----------------------------------------------------

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo:

# CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.

[extras]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/extras/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

-----------------------------------------------------

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo:

# CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.

[ha]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - HighAvailability
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=HighAvailability&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/HighAvailability/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

-----------------------------------------------------

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-Media.repo:

# CentOS-Stream-Media.repo
#
# You can use this repo to install items directly off the installation media.
# Verify your mount point matches one of the below file:// paths.

[media-baseos]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Media - BaseOS
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/BaseOS
        file:///media/cdrom/BaseOS
        file:///media/cdrecorder/BaseOS
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

[media-appstream]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Media - AppStream
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/AppStream
        file:///media/cdrom/AppStream
        file:///media/cdrecorder/AppStream
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

-----------------------------------------------------

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-Plus.repo:

# CentOS-Stream-Plus.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.

[plus]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/centosplus/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

-----------------------------------------------------

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo:

# CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.

[powertools]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - PowerTools
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=PowerTools&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

-----------------------------------------------------

/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo:

# CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.

[rt]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - RealTime
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=RT&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/RT/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

-----------------------------------------------------

Answer 1

来自RHEL 8文件：

RHEL 8内容通过两个主要存储库分发: BaseOS和AppStream。BaseOS存储库中的BaseOS内容旨在提供底层OS功能的核心集，为所有安装提供基础。此内容以RPM格式提供，并受类似于以前版本的支持条件的限制。AppStream存储库中的AppStream内容包括额外的用户空间应用程序、运行时语言和数据库，以支持各种工作负载和用例。AppStream中的内容有两种格式之一--熟悉的RPM格式和称为模块的RPM格式的扩展。

有关详细信息，请参阅https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_帽子_企业_linux/8/html/安装_管理_和_删除_用户空间_组件/使用-appstream_使用-appstream。

Answer 2

一个快速的解决方案是为每个回购添加<#> $releasever和-stream，这样就无法获得镜像列表，例如：

mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever-stream ...

就像这样，

[BaseOS]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever-stream&arch=$basearch&repo=BaseOS&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial

Answer 3

您的服务器正在运行"Centos 8流“。您的VM正在运行传统的"Centos 8“。

你问的有什么不同？Centos传统上一直是RHEL的下游，从而产生了一个稳定的、具有生产能力的OS。这一流程限制了其他开发人员贡献有利于RHEL产品的代码的能力。通过将CentOS移动到RHEL的上游，Red可以更容易地允许这些贡献，这将流下来，最终使RHEL受益。CentOS流现在位于Fedora和RHEL之间，对传统CentOS产品的支持即将结束。

维基百科：

在2020年12月，红帽和CentOS董事会宣布CentOS Linux的开发将于2021年年底结束。然而，CentOS项目将继续生产相关的不断交付的发行版CentOS流。

寿命结束日期：

CentOS 8的所有更新将于2021年12月31日结束。然而，CentOS 7将继续收到维护更新，直到2024年6月30日。

https://wiki.centos.org/About/Product

正在进行一些项目，以创建用于生产环境的备用下游发行版(例如Rocky Linux-https://rockylinux.org/)。但是，在它们完成之前，您只有几个选项：

1. 使用CentOS流
2. 迁移到不同的发行版
3. Red现在提供了一定数量的实例(可能有8个？)免费的RHEL通过‘免费红帽开发商订阅’。(https://developers.redhat.com/articles/faqs-no-cost-red-hat-enterprise-linux)

这可能对一些用户有效，但我相信很多人都坚持使用Rocky，希望它能取代传统的CentOS。