不能在新的Debian Buster安装上安装蒸汽

Question

我刚刚安装了一个新的Debian安装，我不能安装蒸汽和PCSX2，这两者都取决于i386软件包。

我遵循了经典的程序：

# dpkg --add-architecture i386
# apt update
# apt upgrade

当我尝试安装蒸汽时，apt无法安装i386软件包：

# apt install -f steam
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 steam:i386 : Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 but it is not going to be installed
              Recommends: mesa-vulkan-drivers:i386 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

在安装PCSX2时也是如此

# apt install pcsx2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 pcsx2:i386 : Depends: libgl1:i386 but it is not going to be installed
              Depends: libsdl2-2.0-0:i386 (>= 2.0.8) but it is not going to be installed
              Depends: libwxgtk3.0-0v5:i386 (>= 3.0.4+dfsg) but it is not going to be installed
              Recommends: libasound2-plugins:i386 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

或者wine32：

# apt install wine32
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 wine32:i386 : Depends: libwine:i386 (= 4.0-2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

如果我试图模拟包的安装，apt会抱怨我得到以下信息：

apt install -s libgl1-mesa-glx:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Depends: libgl1:i386 but it is not going to be installed
                        Depends: libglx-mesa0:i386 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

如果我试图安装libgl1:i 386或libglx-mesa0:i 386，我得到：

apt install libgl1:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1:i386 : Depends: libglx0:i386 (= 1.1.0-1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

# apt install libglx-mesa0:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libglx-mesa0:i386 : Depends: libx11-xcb1:i386 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

然后安装libx11-xcb1:i 386：

# apt install libx11-xcb1:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgl1 : Depends: libglx0 (= 1.1.0-1) but it is not going to be installed
 libglx-mesa0 : Depends: libx11-xcb1 but it is not going to be installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

# apt policy libx11-xcb1{,:i386}
libx11-xcb1:
  Installed: 2:1.6.12-1
  Candidate: 2:1.6.12-1
  Version table:
 *** 2:1.6.12-1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2:1.6.7-1 500
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
libx11-xcb1:i386:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2:1.6.7-1
  Version table:
     2:1.6.7-1 500
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main i386 Packages

以下是我的/etc/apt/sources.list的内容：

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free

deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster main contrib non-free

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ buster/updates main contrib non-free

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free

deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates main contrib non-free

Answer 1

# apt policy libx11-xcb1{,:i386}
libx11-xcb1:
  Installed: 2:1.6.12-1
  Candidate: 2:1.6.12-1
  Version table:
 *** 2:1.6.12-1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2:1.6.7-1 500
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
libx11-xcb1:i386:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 2:1.6.7-1
  Version table:
     2:1.6.7-1 500
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main i386 Packages

显示了问题的根源：apt无法为i386安装与amd64已经安装的包相同的版本(与Debian测试匹配，而不是Debian 10)。多功能包必须保持完全同步。

要解决这个问题，您必须将受影响的包降级为Debian 10版本，或者从Debian测试中安装i386版本(必要时可以升级amd64包)，或者批量切换到Debian测试。

顺便说一句，这意味着您的安装程序不是一个新的Debian安装。