$PATH不更新

Question

我意外地在我的Ubuntu机器上删除了我的~/.bashrc，现在每当我在终端上输入一个命令时，它就给了我这个错误：

The command could not be located because '/usr/bin:/bin' is not included in the PATH environment variable.

我尝试将export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin添加到~/.bashrc中，但我仍然面临着同样的问题。

我可以在终端上使用export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin，它可以正常工作，但每次打开新终端时，我都必须手动操作。有什么解决办法吗？

~/..bashrc目录:

case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
shopt -s histappend
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000
shopt -s checkwinsize
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac
if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
    # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
    # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
    # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
    color_prompt=yes
    else
    color_prompt=
    fi
fi
if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'
    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'
if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi
export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
export POCL_DEBUG=0
export POCL_DEVICES=rsim
export POCL_CACHE_DIR=$HOME/temp_pocl
export REDEFINE_HOME=$HOME/redefine/
export POCL_LEAVE_KERNEL_COMPILER_TEMP_FILES=1
export PATH=$PATH:/home/harry/redefine/bin/riscv32-gcc/bin
export LLVM_PATH=$HOME/llvm-project/build/bin
export PATH=$HOME:$LLVM_PATH

Answer 1

首先，您应该从PATH中删除您的~/.bashrc声明。您不希望每次打开新外壳时都重新运行这些程序！这类全局变量定义为属于 ~/.profile，如果文件存在，则定义~/.bash_profile。

现在，您所面临的问题是由您拥有的多路径声明造成的，这些声明正在相互覆盖。以下是相关的内容：

export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
export PATH="$PATH":/home/harry/redefine/bin/riscv32-gcc/bin
export LLVM_PATH="$HOME"/llvm-project/build/bin
export PATH="$HOME:$LLVM_PATH"

这是4个命令，每个命令都将按顺序运行。让我们看看如果我们在终端中运行它们会发生什么：

$ export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
$ echo "$PATH"
/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
$ export PATH="$PATH":/home/harry/redefine/bin/riscv32-gcc/bin
$ echo "$PATH"
/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/harry/redefine/bin/riscv32-gcc/bin
$ export LLVM_PATH="$HOME"/llvm-project/build/bin
$ export PATH="$HOME:$LLVM_PATH"
$ echo "$PATH"
/home/terdon:/home/terdon/llvm-project/build/bin

正如您在上面看到的，您的最后一个export命令覆盖了您以前所做的更改，并将PATH设置为只包含您的$HOME dir (这没有意义，您不希望您的$HOME在您的路径中！)还有你的$LLVM_PATH。您想要做的是将$LLVM_PATH添加到$PATH中，因此您应该拥有以下内容：

export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/harry/redefine/bin/riscv32-gcc/bin
export LLVM_PATH="$HOME"/llvm-project/build/bin
export PATH="$PATH:$LLVM_PATH"

因此，从您的PATH中删除所有的~/.bashrc定义，然后将上面的三行添加到~/.profile中。