Linux检测到外部驱动器异常大。

Question

一位亲戚让我去看他们的一个希捷2TB外接硬盘，他们说这个硬盘曾经工作过，但现在已经不再工作了。我把它弹到我的桌面上，在一段时间内，除了它在lsusb中出现(有一个合适的名称)之外，什么也没有发生。

大约10分钟后，我使用了ls \dev | grep sd，并看到它最终以/dev/sdc的形式出现，所以我尝试在fdisk -l中查看它，但没有列出它。我想这可能是一个GPT表，所以我在GParted中打开了它，但是加载它要花费很长时间，所以我尝试了lsblk，在这里我得到了以下内容：

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 111.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0   108G  0 part /
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0   3.8G  0 part [SWAP]
sdb      8:16   0   1.8T  0 disk 
└─sdb1   8:17   0   1.8T  0 part 
sdc      8:32   0   128P  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  

现在，我的亲戚不知何故拥有了人类所知的最大的动力，或者发生了一些非常奇怪的事情。假设是后者，我有办法解决这个问题吗？

注意:我再次尝试用GParted打开驱动器，这一次等待它加载，它也相信驱动器包含128个PB的未分配空间，所以这是内部的事情。而且，很明显，没有检测到分区，我已经告诉我的亲戚，对上面的数据没有什么可以做的，他们说无论如何他们都不在乎，他们只想让驱动器再次可用。

我尝试使用失败的dd重写MBR，因此我从dmesg获得了以下相关消息：

[15404.910434] scsi_io_completion_action: 14 callbacks suppressed
[15404.910445] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=0s
[15404.910449] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
[15404.910453] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[15404.910457] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00
[15404.910458] print_req_error: 14 callbacks suppressed
[15404.910461] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[15404.914427] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=0s
[15404.914430] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
[15404.914432] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[15404.914435] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00
[15404.914437] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[15404.914440] buffer_io_error: 38 callbacks suppressed
[15404.914442] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 0, async page read
[15404.915937] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=0s
[15404.915941] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
[15404.915944] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[15404.915949] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 06 00 00
[15404.915953] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 3 prio class 0
[15404.915959] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 1, async page read
[15404.915963] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 2, async page read
[15404.915966] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 3, async page read
[15404.917683] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=0s
[15404.917686] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
[15404.917689] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[15404.917692] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00
[15404.917694] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[15404.917698] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 0, async page read
[15404.919186] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=0s
[15404.919189] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
[15404.919192] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[15404.919195] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 06 00 00
[15404.919197] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 3 prio class 0
[15404.919200] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 1, async page read
[15404.919203] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 2, async page read
[15404.919205] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 3, async page read
[15404.920932] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=0s
[15404.920935] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
[15404.920937] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[15404.920940] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00
[15404.920942] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[15404.920945] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 0, async page read
[15404.922433] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=0s
[15404.922436] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
[15404.922438] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[15404.922440] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 06 00 00
[15404.922442] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 3 prio class 0
[15404.922445] Buffer I/O error on dev sdc, logical block 1, async page read
[15404.923930] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=0s
[15404.923932] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
[15404.923934] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[15404.923936] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00
[15404.923938] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[15404.925438] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=0s
[15404.925442] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
[15404.925446] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[15404.925449] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 06 00 00
[15404.925453] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 2 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 3 prio class 0
[15404.925481] ldm_validate_partition_table(): Disk read failed.
[15404.927181] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE cmd_age=0s
[15404.927185] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current] 
[15404.927189] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
[15404.927192] sd 10:0:0:0: [sdc] tag#0 CDB: Read(16) 88 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00
[15404.927195] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sdc, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
[15404.937694] Dev sdc: unable to read RDB block 0
[15404.945196]  sdc: unable to read partition table

操作系统: Debian 10 (Bullseye)，内核5.5.13-2

smartctl输出是：

smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.5.0-1-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Seagate Mobile HDD
Device Model:     ST2000LM007-1R8174
Serial Number:    WDZCWPT0
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0b926222d
Firmware Version: SBK2
User Capacity:    18,446,744,073,709,551,104 bytes [18446 PB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s
Local Time is:    Mon Apr 27 18:21:43 2020 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

Read SMART Data failed: scsi error aborted command

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status command failed: scsi error aborted command
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: UNKNOWN!
SMART Status, Attributes and Thresholds cannot be read.

Read SMART Log Directory failed: scsi error aborted command

Read SMART Error Log failed: scsi error aborted command

Read SMART Self-test Log failed: scsi error aborted command

Selective Self-tests/Logging not supported

SeaGate实用程序信息提供：

==========================================================================================
 SeaChest_SMART - Seagate drive utilities - NVMe Enabled
 Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Seagate Technology LLC and/or its Affiliates, All Rights Reserved
 SeaChest_SMART Version: 1.12.0-1_19_23 X86_64
 Build Date: Jun 10 2019
 Today: Mon Apr 27 18:07:59 2020
==========================================================================================

/dev/sg3 - BACKUP+ - 90CD8083BJBG         - SCSI
    Vendor ID: Seagate 
    Model Number: BACKUP+         
    Serial Number: 90CD8083BJBG
    Firmware Revision: 0304
    World Wide Name: 5000000000000001
    Drive Capacity (PB/PiB): 144.12/128.00
    Temperature Data:
        Current Temperature (C): Not Reported
        Highest Temperature (C): Not Reported
        Lowest Temperature (C): Not Reported
    Power On Time: Not Reported
    Power On Hours: Not Reported
    MaxLBA: 281474976710653
    Native MaxLBA: Not Reported
    Logical Sector Size (B): 512
    Physical Sector Size (B): 512
    Sector Alignment: 0
    Rotation Rate (RPM): Not Reported
    Form Factor: Not Reported
    Last DST information:
        Not supported
    Long Drive Self Test Time: Not Supported
    Interface speed:
        Not Reported
    Annualized Workload Rate (TB/yr): Not Reported
    Total Bytes Read (B): Not Reported
    Total Bytes Written (B): Not Reported
    Encryption Support: Not Supported
    Cache Size (MiB): Not Reported
    Read Look-Ahead: Enabled
    Write Cache: Enabled
    SMART Status: Unknown or Not Supported
    ATA Security Information: Not Supported
    Firmware Download Support: Full, Segmented
    Specifications Supported:
        SPC-4
        SBC-3
        UAS
        SPC-4
    Features Supported:
        Power Conditions [Enabled]
        Informational Exceptions [Mode 0]

Answer 1

根据您的smartctl输出，问题不在于驱动器的物理存储失败；相反，它甚至不能正确地向固件报告大小(应该“烧录”到固件)这一事实表明，在链中的某个点控制器电子设备已经失败。

大多数外部USB硬盘都有基本的但并不总是高级的智能支持；众所周知，希捷驱动器甚至不提供预期的基线支持，因此我不愿意肯定地说，智能故障是控制器故障的结果。然而，不准确的报告表明发生了这种情况。

如果这是一个“全在一体”的外部驱动器，您可以通过删除实际硬盘并将其连接到一个独立的USB-HD适配器来恢复数据。(如果故障发生在USB接口电子设备中，而不是车载驱动电子设备上，情况就会如此。)如果这样做不起作用，而且您也会遇到类似的错误，那么如果您将数据发送到恢复实验室，您的数据可能是可恢复的，尽管这往往非常昂贵，而且只有在您拥有无价的家庭照片或有价值的比特币钱包的情况下才有价值。

Answer 2

恐怕你的车没了。这一错误清楚地表明，它有坏的部门，它试图重新分配这些部门，但显然已经没有可行的部门了。

看来HDD已经积累了一段时间的坏部门。它最终没有任何空间可供任何更多的重新分配。

您可以尝试运行smartctl -a /dev/sdc以查看是否可以获得其他信息。

编辑

智能数据表明固件中的问题导致了此问题。我用过有一千多个坏扇区的驱动器。你的似乎占用了初始化所需的块。

您可以尝试找出希捷是否从此链接提供任何软件解决方案。

此外，专业的数据救援人员可能能够修复驱动器和数据。然而，它们的成本可能太高了。所以我不支持这样做，除非有什么很有价值的东西。

此外，您可以自己尝试一些硬件解决方案。这是一个Youtube的简单教程。但是，如果不小心，可能会丢失驱动器和数据。

Answer 3

Debian 5.5？这是一个非常老的版本，所以您可能在lsblk中遇到了一个bug，在那里它显示了一个死机的最大值。从您所附加的日志上看，驱动器确实已死。