如何正确地擦除和使用CD-RW

Question

有一个CD-RW，我一直用它烧录发行版的CD。突然之间，它就像一张普通的CD。

当我挂载它时，它会以这样的方式安装：

 - Proprietary: Root
 - Access: Read only
 - Group: Root
 - Access: Read only
 - Other: Read only

我想我可以把它手动挂载为读写。以下是研究结果：

alex@Sargon:~$ sudo mount -o rw '/media/cdrom0'
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

我读到，这个“写保护”是写在CD-RW上的东西，以防它在被烧掉的时候被“最后确定”，但这应该可以通过擦除CD就可以把它拿出来。我想，如果我尝试通过wodim来实现这一点，就会发生这样的事情：

alex@Sargon:~$ wodim --devices
wodim: No such file or directory. 
Cannot open SCSI driver!
For possible targets try 'wodim --devices' or 'wodim -scanbus'.
For possible transport specifiers try 'wodim dev=help'.
For IDE/ATAPI devices configuration, see the file README.ATAPI.setup from
the wodim documentation.

关于如何进行的想法？

编辑2019年11月1日至6日

我按照@telcoM的指示，得到了一些结果。

我安装了lsscsi并获得了以下输出：

alex@Sargon:~$ lsscsi -g
[0:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      ST500LT012-1DG14 SDM1  /dev/sda   /dev/sg0 
[1:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GUA0N     1.00  /dev/sr0   /dev/sg1 

因此，wodim能够得到一些结果。在我看来，它似乎认识到它是一个合适的CD-RW光盘：

alex@Sargon:~$ wodim dev=/dev/sg1 --prcap
wodim: Operation not permitted. Warning: Cannot raise RLIMIT_MEMLOCK limits.
Device type    : Removable CD-ROM
Version        : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities   : 
Vendor_info    : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N    '
Revision       : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.

Drive capabilities, per MMC-3 page 2A:

  Does read CD-R media
  Does write CD-R media
  Does read CD-RW media
  Does write CD-RW media
  Does read DVD-ROM media
  Does read DVD-R media
  Does write DVD-R media
  Does read DVD-RAM media
  Does write DVD-RAM media
  Does support test writing

  Does read Mode 2 Form 1 blocks
  Does read Mode 2 Form 2 blocks
  Does read digital audio blocks
  Does restart non-streamed digital audio reads accurately
  Does support Buffer-Underrun-Free recording
  Does read multi-session CDs
  Does read fixed-packet CD media using Method 2
  Does not read CD bar code
  Does read R-W subcode information
  Does return R-W subcode de-interleaved and error-corrected
  Does read raw P-W subcode data from lead in
  Does return CD media catalog number
  Does return CD ISRC information
  Does support C2 error pointers
  Does not deliver composite A/V data

  Does play audio CDs
  Number of volume control levels: 256
  Does support individual volume control setting for each channel
  Does support independent mute setting for each channel
  Does not support digital output on port 1
  Does not support digital output on port 2

  Loading mechanism type: tray
  Does support ejection of CD via START/STOP command
  Does not lock media on power up via prevent jumper
  Does allow media to be locked in the drive via PREVENT/ALLOW command
  Is currently in a media-locked state
  Does not support changing side of disk
  Does not have load-empty-slot-in-changer feature
  Does not support Individual Disk Present feature

  Maximum read  speed:  4234 kB/s (CD  24x, DVD  3x)
  Current read  speed:  4234 kB/s (CD  24x, DVD  3x)
  Maximum write speed:  1764 kB/s (CD  10x, DVD  1x)
  Current write speed:  1764 kB/s (CD  10x, DVD  1x)
  Rotational control selected: CLV/PCAV
  Buffer size in KB: 512
  Copy management revision supported: 1
  Number of supported write speeds: 1
  Write speed # 0:  1764 kB/s CLV/PCAV (CD  10x, DVD  1x)

Supported CD-RW media types according to MMC-4 feature 0x37:
  Does write multi speed       CD-RW media
  Does write high  speed       CD-RW media
  Does write ultra high speed  CD-RW media
  Does write ultra high speed+ CD-RW media

不过，我现在还不知道该怎么办。

与此同时，我尝试使用k3b，它也无法擦除磁盘并获得了以下输出：

Devices
-----------------------
HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GUA0N 1.00 (/dev/sr0, CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-R DL, DVD+R, DVD+RW, DVD+R DL) [DVD-ROM, DVD-R Sequential, DVD-R Dual Layer Sequential, DVD-R Dual Layer Jump, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW Restricted Overwrite, DVD-RW Sequential, DVD+RW, DVD+R, DVD+R Dual Layer, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW] [SAO, TAO, RAW, SAO/R96P, SAO/R96R, RAW/R16, RAW/R96P, RAW/R96R, Restricted Overwrite, Layer Jump] [%7]

System
-----------------------
K3b Version: 2.0.3
KDE Version: 4.14.26
QT Version:  4.8.7
Kernel:      4.9.0-11-amd64

Used versions
-----------------------
cdrecord: 1.1.11

cdrecord
-----------------------
scsidev: '/dev/sr0'
devname: '/dev/sr0'
scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2
Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27
Wodim version: 1.1.11
SCSI buffer size: 64512
Beginning DMA speed test. Set CDR_NODMATEST environment variable if device
communication breaks or freezes immediately after that.
TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM
Driveropts: 'burnfree'
Device type    : Removable CD-ROM
Version        : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities   : 
Vendor_info    : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N    '
Revision       : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Current: 0x000A (CD-RW)
Profile: 0x0015 (DVD-R/DL sequential recording) 
Profile: 0x0016 (DVD-R/DL layer jump recording) 
Profile: 0x002B (DVD+R/DL) 
Profile: 0x001B (DVD+R) 
Profile: 0x001A (DVD+RW) 
Profile: 0x0014 (DVD-RW sequential recording) 
Profile: 0x0013 (DVD-RW restricted overwrite) 
Profile: 0x0012 (DVD-RAM) 
Profile: 0x0011 (DVD-R sequential recording) 
Profile: 0x0010 (DVD-ROM) 
Profile: 0x000A (CD-RW) (current)
Profile: 0x0009 (CD-R) 
Profile: 0x0008 (CD-ROM) 
Profile: 0x0002 (Removable disk) 
Using generic SCSI-3/mmc   CD-R/CD-RW driver (mmc_cdr).
Driver flags   : MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE 
Supported modes: TAO PACKET SAO SAO/R96P SAO/R96R RAW/R16 RAW/R96P RAW/R96R
Drive buf size : 362208 = 353 KB
Speed set to 1764 KB/s
Current Secsize: 2048
ATIP info from disk:
  Indicated writing power: 2
  Reference speed: 6
  Is not unrestricted
  Is erasable
  Disk sub type: High speed Rewritable (CAV) media (1)
  ATIP start of lead in:  -11077 (97:34/23)
  ATIP start of lead out: 359849 (79:59/74)
  1T speed low:  4 1T speed high: 10
  2T speed low:  2 2T speed high: 10
  power mult factor: 2 6
  recommended erase/write power: 5
  A1 values: 24 2C DC
  A2 values: 14 A4 4A
  A3 values: 04 C4 80
Disk type:    Phase change
Manuf. index: 11
Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed  10.0 in real BLANK mode for single session.
Last chance to quit, starting real write in    2 seconds.
   1 seconds.
   0 seconds. Operation starts.
Performing OPC...
Blanking PMA, TOC, pregap
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB:  A1 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid) 
cmd finished after 17.009s timeout 9600s
/usr/bin/wodim: Cannot blank disk, aborting.
/usr/bin/wodim: Some drives do not support all blank types.
/usr/bin/wodim: Try again with wodim blank=all.

cdrecord command:
-----------------------
/usr/bin/wodim -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/sr0 speed=10 -tao driveropts=burnfree blank=fast

我试图用k3bsetup更改权限，并试图将烧录组设置为alex，但它没有更改任何内容。

编辑2-那天晚些时候.

我尝试用wodim擦除磁盘，如下所示：

alex@Sargon:~$ wodim dev=/dev/sg1 blank=all -force
Device type    : Removable CD-ROM
Version        : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities   : 
Vendor_info    : 'HL-DT-ST'
Identification : 'DVDRAM GUA0N    '
Revision       : '1.00'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Using generic SCSI-3/mmc   CD-R/CD-RW driver (mmc_cdr).
Driver flags   : MMC-3 SWABAUDIO BURNFREE 
Supported modes: TAO PACKET SAO SAO/R96P SAO/R96R RAW/R16 RAW/R96P RAW/R96R
Speed set to 1764 KB/s
Waiting for drive to calm down.
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed  10.0 in real force BLANK mode for single session.
Last chance to quit, starting real write in    0 seconds. Operation starts.
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB:  A1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid) 
cmd finished after 24.064s timeout 9600s
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed  10.0 in real force BLANK mode for single session.
No chance to quit anymore. Operation starts.
Errno: 5 (Input/output error), blank unit scsi sendcmd: no error
CDB:  A1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
Sense Bytes: 71 00 03 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 51 00 00 00
Sense Key: 0x3 Medium Error, deferred error, Segment 0
Sense Code: 0x51 Qual 0x00 (erase failure) Fru 0x0
Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid) 
cmd finished after 16.381s timeout 9600s
wodim: Cannot blank disk, aborting.

我也尝试了根的权利，但它是一样的。

Answer 1

在尝试了几个程序、guis，甚至切换到Windows之后，我想知道这个问题是否与驱动器有关。

阿亚兰..。确实是。我刚去了另一台电脑，并能在30秒内把它擦除。

不知道为什么我能燃烧但不能抹去这个。去想一想。

尽管如此，还是感谢@telcoM的努力。

Answer 2

您有可用的lsscsi命令吗?还是可以安装它？如果可能的话，运行lsscsi -g并从清单中识别您的CD-RW驱动器。

您的CD-RW驱动器可能是/dev/sr0，但它也将有一个与其相关的/dev/sg*设备。这是“通用SCSI设备”，它允许向驱动器发送更多的专用命令。lsscsi -g输出应指示哪个通用SCSI设备对应于您的CD-RW驱动器.

一旦您知道您的CD-RW驱动器是可访问的，例如/dev/sg1，您可以尝试wodim dev=/dev/sg1 --prcap。如果该命令生成CD/DVD功能的长列表，以及驱动器对每个特性的支持，那么您已经找到了驱动器的正确dev=参数。

看起来，某些更改导致wodim无法自动检测设备:在我的Debian 10系统上，也会发生同样的事情，但是如果我手动将/dev/sg*设备指定为wodim，它就能工作。您可以使用/etc/wodim.conf将特定的设备参数设置为wodim的默认参数，因此不必一直键入它。

将CD-RW安装为常规可写文件系统需要编写数据包，您可以使用/dev/pktcdvd/pktcdvd0而不是常规的/dev/sr0 CD设备。但是，pktcdvd驱动程序已经被Linux内核开发人员标记为不推荐使用，因为使用它的人显然很少。驱动程序尚未从内核源代码中删除，但在取消推荐通知之后，一些发行版可能已经将其从其标准内核配置中删除。

使用wodim擦除(空白) CDRW，即使它看起来不可擦除：

wodim dev=/dev/sg1 blank=all -force

为了消除指定dev=参数的需要，您可以通过两个步骤编辑/etc/wodim.conf，使/dev/sg1成为默认设备：

1.)通过将这一行添加到文件末尾，为设备添加一个昵称“刻录机”：

burner=    /dev/sg1 -1  -1  burnfree

2.)编辑文件开头附近的CDR_DEVICE设置，以使用昵称：

#CDR_DEVICE=cdrom  # this line commented out and the next line added
CDR_DEVICE=burner