Oracle Linux 8中的yum和dnf问题

Question

我是IT新手，我在安装到Vmware Esxi 6.5中的Oracle Linux 8上遇到了麻烦。我不能使用yum或dnf命令来更新或安装。我得到以下错误：

# yum update
Last metadata expiration check: 0:07:13 ago on Thu 19 Sep 2019 12:15:03 PM JST.
Error: 
 Problem 1: package sos-3.7-6.0.1.el7_7.noarch requires /usr/bin/python, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package sos-3.6-10.0.1.el8_0.3.noarch
  - package python-2.7.5-69.0.1.el7_5.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-77.0.1.el7_6.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-76.0.1.el7.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-79.0.1.el7_6.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-68.0.1.el7.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-80.0.1.el7_6.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-86.0.1.el7.x86_64 is excluded
 Problem 2: package gnome-shell-3.28.3-11.el7.x86_64 requires python(x86-64), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gnome-shell-3.28.3-10.el8.x86_64
  - package python-2.7.5-69.0.1.el7_5.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-77.0.1.el7_6.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-76.0.1.el7.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-79.0.1.el7_6.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-68.0.1.el7.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-80.0.1.el7_6.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-86.0.1.el7.x86_64 is excluded
 Problem 3: package gdk-pixbuf2-modules-2.36.12-2.el8.x86_64 requires gdk-pixbuf2(x86-64) = 2.36.12-2.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x86_64 and gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gdk-pixbuf2-modules-2.36.12-2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-2.el8.x86_64
 Problem 4: package gnome-session-wayland-session-3.28.1-6.el8.x86_64 requires gnome-session(x86-64) = 3.28.1-6.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both gnome-session-3.28.1-7.el7.x86_64 and gnome-session-3.28.1-6.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gnome-session-wayland-session-3.28.1-6.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gnome-session-3.28.1-6.el8.x86_64
 Problem 5: cannot install both libbluray-0.2.3-5.el7.x86_64 and libbluray-1.0.2-3.el8.x86_64
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libbluray.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package libbluray-1.0.2-3.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gvfs-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64
 Problem 6: cannot install both libgcrypt-1.5.3-14.el7.x86_64 and libgcrypt-1.8.3-2.el8.x86_64
  - package gvfs-afp-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libgcrypt.so.11()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-afp-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libgcrypt.so.11(GCRYPT_1.2)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package libgcrypt-1.8.3-2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gvfs-afp-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64
 Problem 7: cannot install both libpng-2:1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64 and libpng-2:1.6.34-5.el8.x86_64
  - package cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64 requires libpng15.so.15()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64 requires libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package libpng-2:1.6.34-5.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package cairo-1.15.12-3.el8.x86_64
 Problem 8: package ndctl-65-1.0.1.el7.x86_64 requires libjson-c.so.2()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both json-c-0.11-4.el7_0.x86_64 and json-c-0.13.1-0.2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package ndctl-62-2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package json-c-0.13.1-0.2.el8.x86_64
 Problem 9: package python3-libs-3.6.8-10.0.1.el7.x86_64 requires libtirpc.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both libtirpc-0.2.4-0.16.el7.x86_64 and libtirpc-1.1.4-3.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both libtirpc-0.2.4-0.15.el7.x86_64 and libtirpc-1.1.4-3.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both libtirpc-0.2.4-0.10.el7.x86_64 and libtirpc-1.1.4-3.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package python3-libs-3.6.8-4.0.1.el8_0.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package libtirpc-1.1.4-3.el8.x86_64
 Problem 10: cannot install both tracker-1.10.5-6.el7.x86_64 and tracker-2.1.5-1.el8.x86_64
  - installed package tracker-2.1.5-1.el8.x86_64 obsoletes tracker < 1.99.2 provided by tracker-1.10.5-6.el7.x86_64
  - package gnome-boxes-3.28.5-4.el7.x86_64 requires libtracker-sparql-1.0.so.0()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package tracker-2.1.5-1.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gnome-boxes-3.28.5-3.el8.x86_64
 Problem 11: package tuned-2.11.0-5.0.2.el7_7.1.noarch requires python-linux-procfs, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package python-linux-procfs-0.4.9-4.el7.noarch requires /usr/bin/python, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package python-linux-procfs-0.4.9-3.el7.noarch requires /usr/bin/python, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package python-linux-procfs-0.4.11-4.el7.noarch requires /usr/bin/python, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package tuned-2.10.0-15.0.7.el8.noarch
  - package python-2.7.5-69.0.1.el7_5.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-77.0.1.el7_6.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-76.0.1.el7.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-79.0.1.el7_6.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-68.0.1.el7.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-80.0.1.el7_6.x86_64 is excluded
  - package python-2.7.5-86.0.1.el7.x86_64 is excluded
 Problem 12: alsa-lib-1.1.6-3.el8.i686 has inferior architecture
  - package alsa-ucm-1.1.6-3.el8.x86_64 requires alsa-lib = 1.1.6-3.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both alsa-lib-1.1.8-1.el7.x86_64 and alsa-lib-1.1.6-3.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package alsa-ucm-1.1.6-3.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package alsa-lib-1.1.6-3.el8.x86_64
 Problem 13: package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_cdda.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_cdda.so.1(CDIO_CDDA_1)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_paranoia.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_paranoia.so.1(CDIO_PARANOIA_1)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both libcdio-paranoia-10.2+0.90-11.el7.x86_64 and libcdio-paranoia-10.2+0.94+2-3.el8.x86_64
  - package gvfs-afc-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires gvfs(x86-64) = 1.36.2-3.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package libcdio-paranoia-10.2+0.94+2-3.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gvfs-afc-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64
 Problem 14: package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio.so.15()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio.so.15(CDIO_15)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both libcdio-0.92-3.el7.x86_64 and libcdio-2.0.0-2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both libcdio-0.92-1.el7.x86_64 and libcdio-2.0.0-2.el8.x86_64
  - package gvfs-archive-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires gvfs(x86-64) = 1.36.2-3.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package libcdio-2.0.0-2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gvfs-archive-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64
 Problem 15: package glusterfs-cli-3.12.2-47.2.el7.x86_64 requires libreadline.so.6()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both readline-6.2-11.el7.x86_64 and readline-7.0-10.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both readline-6.2-10.el7.x86_64 and readline-7.0-10.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package readline-7.0-10.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package glusterfs-cli-3.12.2-40.2.el8.x86_64
 Problem 16: package xorg-x11-drv-vesa-2.4.0-3.el8.x86_64 requires xorg-x11-server-wrapper, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.20.4-7.el7.x86_64 and xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.20.3-5.2.el8_0.x86_64
  - cannot install both xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.20.4-7.el7.x86_64 and xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.20.3-5.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.20.3-5.2.el8_0.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package xorg-x11-drv-vesa-2.4.0-3.el8.x86_64
 Problem 17: package webkit2gtk3-plugin-process-gtk2-2.22.6-1.el8.x86_64 requires libpng16.so.16()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package webkit2gtk3-plugin-process-gtk2-2.22.6-1.el8.x86_64 requires libpng16.so.16(PNG16_0)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both libpng-2:1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64 and libpng-2:1.6.34-5.el8.x86_64
  - package cairo-gobject-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64 requires libpng15.so.15()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package webkit2gtk3-plugin-process-gtk2-2.22.6-1.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package cairo-gobject-1.15.12-3.el8.x86_64
 Problem 18: package python3-libstoragemgmt-clibs-1.6.2-9.el8.x86_64 requires libstoragemgmt = 1.6.2-9.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
  - libstoragemgmt-1.6.2-9.el8.i686 has inferior architecture
  - cannot install both libstoragemgmt-1.7.3-3.0.1.el7.x86_64 and libstoragemgmt-1.6.2-9.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package python3-libstoragemgmt-clibs-1.6.2-9.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package libstoragemgmt-1.6.2-9.el8.x86_64
 Problem 19: package gdm-1:3.28.3-20.el8.x86_64 requires gnome-session-wayland-session, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gnome-session-wayland-session-3.28.1-6.el8.x86_64 requires gnome-session(x86-64) = 3.28.1-6.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gnome-session-wayland-session-3.28.1-6.el7.x86_64 requires gnome-session(x86-64) = 3.28.1-6.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both gnome-session-3.28.1-7.el7.x86_64 and gnome-session-3.28.1-6.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both gnome-session-3.28.1-6.el7.x86_64 and gnome-session-3.28.1-7.el7.x86_64
  - package gnome-session-xsession-3.28.1-7.el7.x86_64 requires gnome-session(x86-64) = 3.28.1-7.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gnome-session-xsession-3.28.1-6.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gdm-1:3.28.3-20.el8.x86_64
 Problem 20: problem with installed package libcdio-paranoia-10.2+0.94+2-3.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both libcdio-paranoia-10.2+0.90-11.el7.x86_64 and libcdio-paranoia-10.2+0.94+2-3.el8.x86_64
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_cdda.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_cdda.so.1(CDIO_CDDA_1)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_paranoia.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_paranoia.so.1(CDIO_PARANOIA_1)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-fuse-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires gvfs(x86-64) = 1.36.2-3.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gvfs-fuse-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64
 Problem 21: problem with installed package libbluray-1.0.2-3.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both libbluray-0.2.3-5.el7.x86_64 and libbluray-1.0.2-3.el8.x86_64
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libbluray.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-goa-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires gvfs(x86-64) = 1.36.2-3.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gvfs-goa-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64
 Problem 22: package python3-libdnf-0.22.5-5.0.2.el8.x86_64 requires libjson-c.so.4()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both json-c-0.11-4.el7_0.x86_64 and json-c-0.13.1-0.2.el8.x86_64
  - package ndctl-65-1.0.1.el7.x86_64 requires libjson-c.so.2()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package libblockdev-nvdimm-2.19-7.el8.x86_64 requires ndctl, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package ndctl-62-2.el8.x86_64 requires daxctl-libs(x86-64) = 62-2.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package ndctl-60.1-6.el7.x86_64 requires daxctl-libs(x86-64) = 60.1-6.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package ndctl-64.1-2.el7.x86_64 requires daxctl-libs(x86-64) = 64.1-2.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package ndctl-62-1.el7.x86_64 requires daxctl-libs(x86-64) = 62-1.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package ndctl-58.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires daxctl-libs(x86-64) = 58.2-3.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both daxctl-libs-65-1.0.1.el7.x86_64 and daxctl-libs-62-2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both daxctl-libs-60.1-6.el7.x86_64 and daxctl-libs-65-1.0.1.el7.x86_64
  - cannot install both daxctl-libs-64.1-2.el7.x86_64 and daxctl-libs-65-1.0.1.el7.x86_64
  - cannot install both daxctl-libs-62-1.el7.x86_64 and daxctl-libs-65-1.0.1.el7.x86_64
  - cannot install both daxctl-libs-58.2-3.el7.x86_64 and daxctl-libs-65-1.0.1.el7.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package python3-libdnf-0.22.5-5.0.2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package libblockdev-nvdimm-2.19-7.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package daxctl-libs-62-2.el8.x86_64
 Problem 23: package yelp-2:3.28.1-3.el8.x86_64 requires libgcrypt.so.20()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both libgcrypt-1.5.3-14.el7.x86_64 and libgcrypt-1.8.3-2.el8.x86_64
  - package gvfs-afp-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libgcrypt.so.11()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-afp-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libgcrypt.so.11(GCRYPT_1.2)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - problem with installed package gvfs-afp-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64
  - package gvfs-afp-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64 requires gvfs-client(x86-64) = 1.36.2-2.el8_0.1, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both gvfs-client-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 and gvfs-client-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package yelp-2:3.28.1-3.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gvfs-client-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64
 Problem 24: package python3-hawkey-0.22.5-5.0.2.el8.x86_64 requires libjson-c.so.4()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both json-c-0.11-4.el7_0.x86_64 and json-c-0.13.1-0.2.el8.x86_64
  - package ndctl-65-1.0.1.el7.x86_64 requires libjson-c.so.2()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - problem with installed package ndctl-62-2.el8.x86_64
  - package ndctl-62-2.el8.x86_64 requires ndctl-libs(x86-64) = 62-2.el8, but none of the providers can be installed
  - package ndctl-64.1-2.el7.x86_64 requires ndctl-libs(x86-64) = 64.1-2.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both ndctl-libs-65-1.0.1.el7.x86_64 and ndctl-libs-62-2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both ndctl-libs-64.1-2.el7.x86_64 and ndctl-libs-65-1.0.1.el7.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package python3-hawkey-0.22.5-5.0.2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package ndctl-libs-62-2.el8.x86_64
 Problem 25: package libcdio-paranoia-10.2+0.90-11.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio.so.15()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package libcdio-paranoia-10.2+0.90-11.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio.so.15(CDIO_15)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both libcdio-0.92-3.el7.x86_64 and libcdio-2.0.0-2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both libcdio-0.92-1.el7.x86_64 and libcdio-2.0.0-2.el8.x86_64
  - package gstreamer1-plugins-ugly-free-1.14.0-2.el8.x86_64 requires libcdio.so.18()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gstreamer1-plugins-ugly-free-1.14.0-2.el8.x86_64 requires libcdio.so.18(CDIO_18)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_cdda.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_cdda.so.1(CDIO_CDDA_1)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_paranoia.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_paranoia.so.1(CDIO_PARANOIA_1)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-gphoto2-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires gvfs(x86-64) = 1.36.2-3.el7, but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gvfs-gphoto2-1.36.2-2.el8_0.1.x86_64
  - cannot install the best update candidate for package gstreamer1-plugins-ugly-free-1.14.0-2.el8.x86_64
 Problem 26: package libcdio-paranoia-10.2+0.90-11.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio.so.15()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package libcdio-paranoia-10.2+0.90-11.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio.so.15(CDIO_15)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - cannot install both libcdio-0.92-3.el7.x86_64 and libcdio-2.0.0-2.el8.x86_64
  - cannot install both libcdio-0.92-1.el7.x86_64 and libcdio-2.0.0-2.el8.x86_64
  - problem with installed package libcdio-2.0.0-2.el8.x86_64
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_cdda.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_cdda.so.1(CDIO_CDDA_1)(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
  - package gvfs-1.36.2-3.el7.x86_64 requires libcdio_paranoia.so.1()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed

Answer 1

请注意，已安装的包具有.el8后缀，但该工具抱怨的许多包都有.el7后缀。

我看到了两种可能性。该系统被错误配置为连接到OEL7存储库，而不是OEL8存储库，或者存储库服务器混合了OEL7和OEL8包，这意味着存储库已经损坏。

您应该首先运行rpm -qa |grep '\.el7'。如果您当前安装了任何OEL7包，您可能会遇到一个问题:存储库配置的混乱导致系统的部分部分被降级为OEL7级别。先备份你的数据。如果没有报告的OEL7包，松一口气是合适的。

然后检查/etc/yum.repos.d中的任何文件，删除或禁用引用OEL7内容的任何存储库，然后运行yum clean all，然后运行yum check-update，看看它现在将提供什么功能。如果被认为具有OEL8内容的包存储库实际上混合了OEL7包，请通知该包存储库服务器的管理员修复其损坏的存储库，否则最终可能会有更多的降级服务器来修复，而不仅仅是一个。

如果安装了任何OEL7包，那么包管理器现在可能建议用OEL8等效程序来替换它们:这将是一件好事。(基本上，我希望任何可能被自动降级的东西也同样容易升级。)

如果它还在抱怨什么，那么您可能有一个OEL7包，它在OEL8中没有直接替换，并且通过依赖关系“锚定”其他OEL7包。这可能是因为尝试使用EPEL存储库中用于OEL版本8中RHEL/OEL版本7.x的软件包，然后您可能必须找到并手动更新或暂时卸载“锚”包，以便将所有其他软件包降级到OEL8级别。

如果安装了大量的OEL7包，您可能需要考虑备份数据和从头开始重新安装的核心选项。这可能比花时间解决混乱更容易，当然也更快。