Debian:下列包裹已被拒之门外.odbcinst和odbcinst1debian2

Question

问题：

我有这两个包裹，held back for weeks now，我无法摆脱它们，

The following packages have been kept back:
  odbcinst odbcinst1debian2

看这里：

[10:53:34][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt upgrade --with-new-pkgs
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
[10:53:44][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt-get upgrade --with-new-pkgs
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
[10:53:53][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
[10:55:08][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo apt install odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  amarok-common amarok-utils apper apper-data avogadro-data cdparanoia cdrdao clamz debconf-kde-data debconf-kde-helper dvd+rw-tools espeak-ng-data festival festival-freebsoft-utils festlex-cmu festlex-poslex festvox-kallpc16k
  gnome-orca gnugo growisofs icoutils k3b-data kalzium-data kate-data kde-baseapps-data kde-runtime-data kdegames-card-data kdegames-mahjongg-data ktorrent-data ktouch-data kwrite libakonadiprotocolinternals1 libatk-adaptor
  libavogadro1 libdebconf-kde1 libdiscid0 libdmtx0a libdotconf0 libespeak-ng1 libestools2.4 libgadu3 libgpgme++2v5 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgpod4-nogtk libjs-mootools libkactivities6 libkcalcore4 libkcmutils4 libkcompactdisc4
  libkdeclarative5 libkdesu5 libkdnssd4 libkexiv2-11 libkexiv2-data libkidletime4 libkimap4 libkjsapi4 libkjsembed4 libkldap4 libkmime4 libkntlm4 libkonq5-templates libkpty4 libkresources4 libkrosscore4 libksane0 libkunitconversion4
  liblastfm1 liblimba0 libloudmouth1-0 libmariadbd18 libmeanwhile1 libmediastreamer-base3 libmusicbrainz5cc2v5 libmygpo-qt1 libntrack-qt4-1 libntrack0 libopenbabel4v5 libortp9 libotr5 libpcaudio0 libperl4-corelibs-perl libphonon4
  libpolkit-qt-1-1 libpoppler-qt4-4 libprison0 libqaccessibilityclient0 libqca2 libqca2-plugin-ossl libqca2-plugins libqimageblitz4 libqjson0 libqmobipocket1 libqrencode3 libqtassistantclient4 libqtscript4-core libqtscript4-gui
  libqtscript4-network libqtscript4-sql libqtscript4-uitools libqtscript4-xml libqtwebkit4 libsgutils2-2 libsolid4 libsonic0 libspeechd2 libtag-extras1 libthreadweaver4 ntrack-module-libnl-0 oxygen-icon-theme palapeli-data phonon
  phonon-backend-gstreamer phonon-backend-gstreamer-common polkit-kde-1 python-attr python-avogadro python-click python-colorama python-constantly python-incremental python-openssl python-pam python-pyasn1-modules python-qt4
  python-qt4-sql python-serial python-service-identity python-sip python-twisted-bin python-twisted-core python-zope.interface python3-brlapi python3-louis python3-pyatspi python3-speechd qhull-bin qtdeclarative4-kqtquickcharts-1
  sound-icons sound-theme-freedesktop speech-dispatcher speech-dispatcher-audio-plugins speech-dispatcher-espeak-ng speech-dispatcher-festival vcdimager xbrlapi
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  amarok dolphin4 jovie juk k3b k3b-i18n kaccessible kajongg kalzium katepart kcachegrind kchmviewer kde-baseapps kde-baseapps-bin kde-config-cddb kde-full kde-games-core-declarative kde-plasma-desktop kde-runtime kde-standard
  kdeaccessibility kdeadmin kdeedu kdegames kdegraphics kdegraphics-mobipocket kdelibs-bin kdelibs5-plugins kdemultimedia kdenetwork kdepasswd kdepimlibs-kio-plugins kdesdk kdesdk-kio-plugins kdesdk-misc kdesudo kdeutils kdewebdev
  kdoctools kfilereplace kfind kget kgoldrunner kgpg kigo kimagemapeditor kio-audiocd kio-mtp klinkstatus kmag kmousetool kmouth kmtrace kolf kommander konq-plugins konqueror konqueror-nsplugins konquest kopete kpart-webkit kpartloader
  kppp kremotecontrol kreversi ksaneplugin kscd ksirk ksnakeduel kspaceduel ksudoku ktorrent ktouch kubrick kuiviewer kuser libakonadi-contact4 libakonadi-kde4 libakonadi-kmime4 libiodbc2 libk3b6 libk3b6-extracodecs libkabc4
  libkatepartinterfaces4 libkcddb4 libkde3support4 libkdegames6abi1 libkdegamesprivate1abi1 libkdewebkit5 libkemoticons4 libkfile4 libkhtml5 libkio5 libkmediaplayer4 libknewstuff2-4 libknewstuff3-4 libknotifyconfig4 libkonq-common
  libkonq5abi1 libkonqsidebarplugin4a libkopete4 libkparts4 libkpimidentities4 libkpimtextedit4 libkpimutils4 libkprintutils4 libkrossui4 libktexteditor4 libktorrent-l10n libktorrent5 libkxmlrpcclient4 libmailtransport4 libnepomuk4
  libnepomukquery4a libnepomukutils4 libokularcore7 libplasma3 libreoffice-kde libsoprano4 libsyndication4 lskat okular palapeli plasma-scriptengine-javascript python-kde4 soprano-daemon svgpart sweeper task-kde-desktop
The following packages will be upgraded:
  odbcinst odbcinst1debian2
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 129 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 147 kB of archives.
After this operation, 231 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]n

我尝试过的WHAT：

根据debian-administration.org上的一篇文章，

If the dependencies have changed on one of the packages you have installed so that a new package must be installed to perform the upgrade then that will be listed as "kept-back".

Cautious解决方案1:

按照巴勃罗的回答，您可以运行sudo apt-get --with-new-pkgs upgrade，它将安装保留的包。

这样做的好处是不将保留的包标记为“手动安装”，这可能会迫使更多的用户进行干预(参见注释)。

如果巴勃罗的解决方案对你有效，请投赞成票。如果没有，请评论哪里出了问题。

Cautious解决方案2:

谨慎的解决方案是运行sudo apt-get install 。在大多数情况下，这将使保留包，他们需要成功升级。

Aggressive解决方案：

一个更激进的解决方案是运行sudo apt-get dist-upgrade，这将强制安装这些新的依赖项。

但是dist-upgrade可能是相当危险的。不像升级它可以删除包来解决复杂的依赖情况。与你不同的是，APT并不总是那么聪明，不知道这些添加和删除是否会造成巨大的破坏。

因此，如果你发现自己身处一个“谨慎的解决方案”行不通的地方，dist-upgrade可能会奏效.但是，您最好多了解一些APT，并通过逐个案例安装和删除包来“手工”解决依赖问题。

把它想象成修车..。如果你有时间，并且能熟练地使用扳手，你就会通过阅读和自己修理来获得一些内心的平静。如果你觉得幸运的话，你可以把你的车交给你的表妹dist-upgrade，希望她知道她的东西。

AND我也尝试过：

[11:06:55][kristjan] ~ ~↓↓$↓↓ sudo aptitude safe-upgrade
Resolving dependencies...                
No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed.
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.

问题：

如何解决这个问题，消除这个恼人的警告？

apt policy odbcinst odbcinst1debian2显示

odbcinst:
  Installed: 2.3.4-1
  Candidate: 2.3.7
  Version table:
     2.3.7 500
        500 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/9/prod stretch/main amd64 Packages
 *** 2.3.4-1 500
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
odbcinst1debian2:
  Installed: 2.3.4-1
  Candidate: 2.3.7
  Version table:
     2.3.7 500
        500 https://packages.microsoft.com/debian/9/prod stretch/main amd64 Packages
 *** 2.3.4-1 500
        500 http://deb.debian.org/debian stable/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

Answer 1

您已经添加了包含更新版本的odbcinst包的Microsoft存储库，这些存储库与KDE冲突(它们“破坏”了KDE通过soprano-daemon和libsoprano4需要的libiodc2 )。

因此，您需要选择:要么保留KDE，要么升级到新的odbcinst包；不能两者兼得。

要消除“警告”，您可以将Microsoft存储库的优先级严格限定在100以下，如下所示：

nano /etc/apt/preferences.d/proxmox

并插入：

Package: *
Pin: origin packages.microsoft.com
Pin-Priority: 70