智能测试完成后，没有失败的测试之前，没有重新分配任何扇区？

Question

我有一个驱动器在它的智能测试中失败了，它的形式是：

smartctl -a /dev/sdc：

...
# 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       50%      6354         4377408
# 2  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      6354         4377408

然后我想把这个“扇区”标记为“坏扇区”，所以我想我只需要在上面写大量的数据。所以我用dd写了一堆零。这就填满了驱动器，之后我又进行了一次智能测试。

它成功地完成了，但是，查看智能属性，我没有看到任何变化：

196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

除了充分了解我一直处于驾驶失败的风险之外，上述信息是否与驾驶失败相关？

以下是smartctl属性的前后差异：

diff --git a/x.txt b/x.txt
index 4cfe1b7..1bcace5 100644
--- a/x.txt
+++ b/x.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
 Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
 ATA Version is:   ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
 SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
-Local Time is:    Sun Feb 24 16:50:01 2019 GMT
+Local Time is:    Mon Feb 25 18:33:35 2019 GMT
 SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
 SMART support is: Enabled

@@ -55,31 +55,38 @@ SCT capabilities:          (0x70b5) SCT Status supported.
 SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
 ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
-  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
-  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   180   179   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       5991
-  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       114
+  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       4
+  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   177   177   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       6116
+  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       116
   5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
   7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
-  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   092   092   000    Old_age   Always       -       6356
+  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   092   092   000    Old_age   Always       -       6372
  10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
- 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       57
+ 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       59
 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       46
-193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       67
-194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   122   114   000    Old_age   Always       -       28
+193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       69
+194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   116   114   000    Old_age   Always       -       34
 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
-200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       1
+200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

 SMART Error Log Version: 1
 No Errors Logged

 SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
 Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
-# 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       50%      6354         4377408
-# 2  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      6354         4377408
+# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      6367         -
+# 2  Short offline       Completed: read failure       60%      6361         4377409
+# 3  Short offline       Completed: read failure       50%      6361         4377409
+# 4  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      6359         4377409
+# 5  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6359         -
+# 6  Short offline       Completed: read failure       60%      6356         4377409
+# 7  Short offline       Completed: read failure       50%      6354         4377408
+# 8  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      6354         4377408
+6 of 6 failed self-tests are outdated by newer successful extended offline self-test # 1

 SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
  SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS

以及smartctl -a当前的输出：

smartctl 6.6 2018-12-05 r4851 [x86_64-linux-4.14.98] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital AV-GP (AF)
Device Model:     WDC WD20EURS-63SPKY0
Serial Number:    WD-WMC1T2763021
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 6addb4b7c
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity:    2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 3.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Mon Feb 25 18:49:12 2019 GMT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                    was never started.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (27240) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    ( 275) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x70b5) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       4
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   177   177   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       6116
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       116
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   092   092   000    Old_age   Always       -       6373
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       59
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       46
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       69
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   116   114   000    Old_age   Always       -       34
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   253   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      6367         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed: read failure       60%      6361         4377409
# 3  Short offline       Completed: read failure       50%      6361         4377409
# 4  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      6359         4377409
# 5  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      6359         -
# 6  Short offline       Completed: read failure       60%      6356         4377409
# 7  Short offline       Completed: read failure       50%      6354         4377408
# 8  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      6354         4377408
6 of 6 failed self-tests are outdated by newer successful extended offline self-test # 1

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

Answer 1

不，你不想把它标记为坏部门。您想要将操作写到不可读的扇区:)

正如我昨天在智能败报告整体健康测试通过，但测试失败？上引用的那样

如果磁盘能够一次性读取数据扇区，并且损坏是永久性的，而不是暂时的，那么磁盘固件将将该扇区标记为“坏”，并分配一个备用扇区来替换它。但是，如果磁盘一次都不能读取扇区，那么它就不会重新分配扇区，希望在将来的某个时候能够读取该扇区的数据。写入不可读(损坏)扇区将修复此问题。如果损坏是暂时的，那么新的一致数据将被写入该部门。如果是永久的，那么写入将强制扇区重新分配。

(我用粗体表示，原始资料来源：智能工具常见问题)

昨天没有重新分配的部门，今天也没有重新分配的部门。这意味着，如果我们忽略了Raw_Read_Error_Rate上升到4的事实，那么磁盘就像已经“健康”了一样，这是由离线测试造成的吗？

但是你在测试1和5中修复了你无法读的部分，这很好。但奇怪的是测试2-4也失败了。

嗯，也许我会再做几次测试看看会发生什么。并在运行测试或使用dd编写零时关注Raw_Read_Error_Rate。