如何使用多个分隔符对文件进行排序？

Question

列出openSUSE中的可用修补程序将得到以下输出。

在下面的详细信息中得到的命令是zypper patches。在运行命令zypper list-patches -a时也会显示相同的结果。

Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Repository                        | Name               | Category    | Severity  | Interactive | Status     | Summary                                                                                           
----------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
openSUSE-Leap-15.0-Update         | openSUSE-2018-1000 | recommended | moderate  | ---         | not needed | Recommended update for gnuhealth, proteus, tryton, trytond, trytond_purchase, trytond_stock_supply
openSUSE-Leap-15.0-Update         | openSUSE-2018-1004 | security    | low       | ---         | not needed | Security update for ffmpeg-4                                                                      
openSUSE-Leap-15.0-Update         | openSUSE-2018-1005 | security    | moderate  | ---         | not needed | Security update for chromium                                                                      
openSUSE-Leap-15.0-Update         | openSUSE-2018-1006 | security    | moderate  | ---         | applied    | Security update for okular                                                                        
openSUSE-Leap-15.0-Update         | openSUSE-2018-1007 | recommended | moderate  | ---         | applied    | Recommended update for tigervnc     

例如，在尝试使用sort -k 6,6 listing.txt | less命令对“状态”进行排序时，会产生以下输出。

----------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
openSUSE-Leap-15.0-Update-Non-Oss | openSUSE-2018-1082 | recommended | moderate  | ---         | not needed | Security update for opera                                                                         
openSUSE-Leap-15.0-Update-Non-Oss | openSUSE-2018-1240 | recommended | moderate  | ---         | not needed | Recommended update for opera                                                                      
openSUSE-Leap-15.0-Update-Non-Oss | openSUSE-2018-1294 | recommended | low       | ---         | not needed | Recommended update for Regina-REXX, THE, ooRexx                                                   
openSUSE-Leap-15.0-Update         | openSUSE-2018-1000 | recommended | moderate  | ---         | not needed | Recommended update for gnuhealth, proteus, tryton, trytond, trytond_purchase, trytond_stock_supply
openSUSE-Leap-15.0-Update         | openSUSE-2018-1007 | recommended | moderate  | ---         | applied    | Recommended update for tigervnc    
Repository                        | Name               | Category    | Severity  | Interactive | Status     | Summary                   

在使用vim中的语法突出显示规则检查分隔符是否是空格和制表符的组合时，它只返回空格。

:syntax on
:set syntax=whitespace 

文件似乎可以使用多个分隔符。

• 确定使用中的分隔符最有效的方法是什么？
• 根据使用中的分隔符对列进行排序的最佳和最简单的方法是什么？

Answer 1

你可以用这个：

awk 'NR<=4 {print $0; next } { print $0 | "sort -k6,6 -t\\|" }' listing.txt

它在listing.txt上运行D2；相反，您可以将数据输送到awk (当然，在最后省略listing.txt )。awk-script按原样打印头四行。其余的行用管道连接到sort中。Sort对第6列进行排序，使用与管道符号相等的分隔符标识它。