无法在Centos 8上安装Oracle XE 18c

Question

我试图在Centos 8 64位上安装Oracle 18。

我已经能够安装先决条件组件，这本身就需要先决条件，但是Oracle安装本身失败了。

如能提供任何协助，将不胜感激。

我的系统如下。

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a

Linux localhost.localdomain 4.18.0-80.11.2.el8_0.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 24 11:32:19 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

我从头到尾都没出过什么事。

    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm

    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm

    [root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

当我尝试安装Oracle时，它失败了。

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:01 ago on Sun 24 Nov 2019 18:06:23 AEDT.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                             Arch                                Version                             Repository                                 Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 oracle-database-xe-18c                              x86_64                              1.0-1                               @commandline                              2.4 G

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 2.4 G
Installed size: 5.2 G
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                                                                     1/1
  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                 1/1
  Installing       : oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                 1/1
  Running scriptlet: oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                 1/1
Exception java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/oui/lib/linux64/liboraInstaller.so: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory occurred..
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/oui/lib/linux64/liboraInstaller.so: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
        at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1941)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1857)
        at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:870)
        at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:1122)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiip.osd.unix.OiipuUnixOps.loadNativeLib(OiipuUnixOps.java:388)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiip.osd.unix.OiipuUnixOps.(OiipuUnixOps.java:130)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiip.oiipg.OiipgEnvironment.getEnv(OiipgEnvironment.java:201)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniPair.instantiateEnvVars(OiixIniPair.java:299)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniPair.updateValue(OiixIniPair.java:230)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniPair.(OiixIniPair.java:148)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniFile.readFile(OiixIniFile.java:809)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniFile.readIniFile(OiixIniFile.java:978)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniFile.getProfileString(OiixIniFile.java:385)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixOraparam.getOraparamProfileString(OiixOraparam.java:339)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixOraparam.getOraparamProfileString(OiixOraparam.java:297)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixOraparam.usePrereqChecker(OiixOraparam.java:417)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicSessionContext.setVariables(OiicSessionContext.java:1325)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicBaseInventoryApp.execute(OiicBaseInventoryApp.java:766)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicBaseInventoryApp.main_helper(OiicBaseInventoryApp.java:685)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicDetachHome.main(OiicDetachHome.java:420)
'DetachHome' failed.
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicBaseInventoryApp.main_helper(OiicBaseInventoryApp.java:701)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicDetachHome.main(OiicDetachHome.java:420)
Exception java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/oui/lib/linux64/liboraInstaller.so: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory occurred..
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/oui/lib/linux64/liboraInstaller.so: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
        at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1941)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1857)
        at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:870)
        at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:1122)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiip.osd.unix.OiipuUnixOps.loadNativeLib(OiipuUnixOps.java:388)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiip.osd.unix.OiipuUnixOps.(OiipuUnixOps.java:130)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiip.oiipg.OiipgEnvironment.getEnv(OiipgEnvironment.java:201)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniPair.instantiateEnvVars(OiixIniPair.java:299)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniPair.updateValue(OiixIniPair.java:230)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniPair.(OiixIniPair.java:148)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniFile.readFile(OiixIniFile.java:809)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniFile.readIniFile(OiixIniFile.java:978)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixIniFile.getProfileString(OiixIniFile.java:385)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixOraparam.getOraparamProfileString(OiixOraparam.java:339)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixOraparam.getOraparamProfileString(OiixOraparam.java:297)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiix.OiixOraparam.usePrereqChecker(OiixOraparam.java:417)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicSessionContext.setVariables(OiicSessionContext.java:1325)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicBaseInventoryApp.execute(OiicBaseInventoryApp.java:766)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicBaseInventoryApp.main_helper(OiicBaseInventoryApp.java:685)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicAttachHome.main(OiicAttachHome.java:696)
'AttachHome' failed.
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicBaseInventoryApp.main_helper(OiicBaseInventoryApp.java:701)
        at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicAttachHome.main(OiicAttachHome.java:696)
[SEVERE] An error occurred while registering the Oracle home. Verify logs in /var/log/oracle-database-xe-18c/results/oraInstall.log and /opt/oracle/oraInventory for more details and try again.
warning: %post(oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64) scriptlet failed, exit status 1

Error in POSTIN scriptlet in rpm package oracle-database-xe-18c
  Verifying        : oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                 1/1

Installed:
  oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64

Complete!

Answer 1

答案并不明显。如果您遵循有关安装OracleXE18c的文档和各种帖子，如果只使用yum进行安装，则可能会缺少一些步骤。

首先，如果您使用yum运行先决条件文件的安装，您将得到一个响应，说明缺少两个依赖文件。

如果使用rpm -ivh运行相同的结果，则结果是不同的。见下文。

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 for x86_64 - AppStream (RPMs)                                                                11 kB/s | 4.5 kB     00:00    
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 for x86_64 - BaseOS (RPMs)                                                                  6.8 kB/s | 4.1 kB     00:00    
Error: 
 Problem: conflicting requests
  - nothing provides compat-libcap1 needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
  - nothing provides compat-libstdc++-33 needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
(try to add '--skip-broken' to skip uninstallable packages or '--nobest' to use not only best candidate packages)
[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

warning: oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    compat-libcap1 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
    compat-libstdc++-33 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
    ksh is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
    libaio-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
    libstdc++-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
    sysstat is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
    xorg-x11-utils is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# 

我还意识到在那个阶段我还没有安装java。然而，仅仅安装这个也没有帮助。

我的解决方案是安装rpm -ivh突出显示的依赖项，然后安装java，然后安装libnsl，这是java抱怨的又一个rpm。

我的解决办法如下。

yum install -y gcc-c++ make
yum install -y ksh
yum install -y sysstat
yum install -y xorg-x11-utils
yum install -y libnsl
yum install java-11-openjdk-devel
rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.110-12.el8.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm

然后安装Oracle文件。

rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-18c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
rpm -ivh oracle-database-xe-18c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

我不知道这是否是进行Oracle安装的最佳方式，但它现在已经在RHEL和Centos系统上对我起了作用。

Answer 2

为了补充这个很好的答案，而且由于CentOS已经不复存在，我在Oracles YUM上找到了所需的软件包：

https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/0/base/x86_64/index.html

希望这能帮助任何人寻找可靠的回购工具来拉动包装。