Arch linux: Pacman未能安装librairies，因为文件已经存在。

Question

我想安装以下库：

• python-sip
• 皮特尼

但是，我得到了以下错误：

nakrule@mordor ~ % pacman -S python-psutil 
[sudo] password for nakrule: 
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for nakrule: 
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Packages (1) python-psutil-5.4.7-1

Total Installed Size:  1.95 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y
(1/1) checking keys in keyring                                [----------------------------------] 100%
(1/1) checking package integrity                              [----------------------------------] 100%
(1/1) loading package files                                   [----------------------------------] 100%
(1/1) checking for file conflicts                             [----------------------------------] 100%
error: failed to commit transaction (conflicting files)
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil-5.4.7-py3.7.egg-info/PKG-INFO exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil-5.4.7-py3.7.egg-info/SOURCES.txt exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil-5.4.7-py3.7.egg-info/dependency_links.txt exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil-5.4.7-py3.7.egg-info/not-zip-safe exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil-5.4.7-py3.7.egg-info/top_level.txt exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__init__.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/_common.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/_compat.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/_exceptions.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/_psaix.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/_psbsd.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/_pslinux.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/_psosx.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/_psposix.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/_pssunos.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__pycache__/_pswindows.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_common.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_compat.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_exceptions.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_psaix.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_psbsd.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_pslinux.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_psosx.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_psposix.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_pssunos.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_psutil_linux.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_psutil_posix.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/_pswindows.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__init__.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__main__.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/__main__.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_aix.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_bsd.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_connections.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_contracts.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_linux.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_memory_leaks.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_misc.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_osx.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_posix.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_process.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_sunos.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_system.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_unicode.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/__pycache__/test_windows.cpython-37.pyc exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_aix.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_bsd.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_connections.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_contracts.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_linux.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_memory_leaks.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_misc.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_osx.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_posix.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_process.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_sunos.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_system.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_unicode.py exists in filesystem
python-psutil: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/tests/test_windows.py exists in filesystem
Errors occurred, no packages were upgraded.
1 nakrule@mordor ~ % pacman -S python-sip                                                           :(
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Packages (1) python-sip-4.19.13-1

Total Installed Size:  0.24 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y
(1/1) checking keys in keyring                                [----------------------------------] 100%
(1/1) checking package integrity                              [----------------------------------] 100%
(1/1) loading package files                                   [----------------------------------] 100%
(1/1) checking for file conflicts                             [----------------------------------] 100%
error: failed to commit transaction (conflicting files)
python-sip: /usr/lib/python3.7/site-packages/sip.so exists in filesystem
Errors occurred, no packages were upgraded.

这些文件怎么可能已经存在，我能做些什么来解决这个问题？

提前谢谢你。

Answer 1

pacman将拒绝覆盖它未跟踪的文件，即不在其本地数据库中列出。

这些文件可能是在没有使用pacman的情况下安装的，或者是由您手动安装的，或者是由代表您的某个程序安装的。

简而言之，如果这些文件不属于任何包--而且您知道自己没有破坏任何东西--则可以使用--overwrite选项安装新包，该选项允许pacman绕过文件冲突检查并覆盖冲突文件(请参阅man pacman以获得扩展解释)：

# pacman -S --overwrite <glob> package_name

但是请注意，ArchWiki警告不要使用--overwrite (因为它使用包含glob的参数)。请参阅相关页面的故障排除部分，该部分目前涵盖了您的情况。

通过查询pacman的S数据库，您可以知道哪个包拥有一个文件(如果有的话)：

$ pacman -Qo /path/to/file

用于标识任何包不拥有的所有文件的方法在此页 of ArchWiki中得到了说明。