web3py EthereumTesterProvider不工作

Question

我在web3py EthereumTesterProvider“区块链”上尝试的所有交互都失败了。

当python方案没有崩溃时，我的事务(部署、setter)状态总是为0 (状态:0)

例如，在https://web3py.readthedocs.io/en/v5/contracts.html中找到的以下代码有3个问题：

from web3 import Web3
from solcx import compile_source
from pprint import pprint

# Solidity source code
    compiled_sol = compile_source(
        
             "pragma solidity ^0.8.17;
        
             contract Greeter {
                 string public greeting;
        
                 constructor() public {
                     greeting = 'Hello';
                 }
        
                 function setGreeting(string memory _greeting) public {
                     greeting = _greeting;
                 }
        
                 function greet() view public returns (string memory) {
                     return greeting;
                 }
             }"
        ,
        output_values=['abi', 'bin']
    )
    
    # retrieve the contract interface
    contract_id, contract_interface = compiled_sol.popitem()
    
    # get bytecode and abi
    bytecode = contract_interface['bin']
    abi = contract_interface['abi']
    
    # web3.py instance
    w3 = Web3(Web3.EthereumTesterProvider())
    
    # set pre-funded account as sender
    w3.eth.default_account = w3.eth.accounts[0]
    
    greeter_bin = w3.eth.contract(abi=abi, bytecode=bytecode)
    
    # Submit the transaction that deploys the contract
    # tx_hash = greeter_bin.constructor().transact()           # <==== first error
    tx_hash = greeter_bin.constructor().transact({'gas': 123456})
    
    # Wait for the transaction to be mined, and get the transaction receipt
    tx_receipt = w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
    pprint(dict(tx_receipt))   # <===== second error ('status': 0,)
    
    greeter_obj = w3.eth.contract(address=tx_receipt.contractAddress, abi=abi)
    
    print(f"{greeter_obj.functions.greet().call() = }")      # <===== third error
    
    
    tx_hash = greeter_obj.functions.setGreeting('Nihao').transact()
    tx_receipt = w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
    
    print(f"{greeter_obj.functions.greet().call() = }") 

1. 第一个错误发生在契约部署中："TypeError: MockBackend.estimate_gas()接受两个位置参数，但给出了3个。“我通过添加带有一些气体的字典来修正它，但是Web3.py中的示例没有这个参数。我想知道原因。我错过了什么吗？
2. 第二个问题是部署事务状态是(' status '：0，)。下面的设置者也有同样的问题。
3. 第三个问题是"C:\Users\Gilles\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\web3\manager.py"，().call()中的错误:在formatted_response apply_error_formatters(error_formatters，response)文件.call第70行中，在apply_error_formatters formatted_resp =pipe(响应，error_formatters)文件"cytoolz\functoolz.pyx"，第666行，cytoolz.functoolz.pipe文件中的"cytoolz\functoolz.pyx"，第641行，cytoolz.functoolz.c_pipe文件中的第555行，raise_solidity_error_on_revert raise (‘错误预期是一个dict') ValueError:预期为dict的错误

我亦有以下警告：

C:\Users\Gilles\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\eth_tester\backends_init_.py:30: UserWarning: Ethereum Tester: No backend was explicitly set, and no full backends were available. Falling back to the MockBackend which does not support all EVM functionality. Please refer to the eth-tester documentation for information on what backends are available and how to set them. Your py-evm package may need to be updated. warnings.warn(

因此，我尝试安装py-evm“pip install py-evm”来尝试PyEVMBackend后端(而不是MockBackend)，但是安装失败了：

"D:\Program\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31933\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -IC:\Users\Gilles\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\include -IC:\Users\Gilles\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\Include "-ID:\Program\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.34.31933\include" "-ID:\Program\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22000.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22000.0\\cppwinrt" /Tcsrc/libethash/io_win32.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-310\Release\src/libethash/io_win32.obj -Isrc/ -std=gnu99 -Wall
      clÿ: Ligne de commande warning D9002ÿ: option '-std=gnu99' inconnue ignor‚e
      io_win32.c
      c1: fatal error C1083: Impossible d'ouvrir le fichier sourceÿ: 'src/libethash/io_win32.c'ÿ: No such file or directory
      error: command 'D:\\Program\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.34.31933\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure

× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> pyethash

希望，如果我能够安装和使用PyEVMBackend，这些问题将得到解决。

你能帮我解决一下聚乙烯的安装问题吗？还是你看到了其他我错过的东西？

我在windows 10上的pip配置是：

• web3py (5.31.3)
• eth测试器(0.8.0b3)

Answer 1

我试着按数字回答你的问题。

第一个错误是调用TypeError时的greeter_bin.constructor().transact()，这个错误是通过添加一个带有gas的字典来修正的。造成此错误的原因是，MockBackend所使用的EthereumTesterProvider需要在进行事务时指定gas参数。

第二个问题是事务的状态为0。这可能是由于部署或执行事务时出错所致。MockBackend也可能不正确地处理事务收据的status字段。

第三个问题是greeter_obj.functions.greet().call()中的一个.call()，它是由响应的格式引起的，而不是代码所期望的。这可能是由于MockBackend没有返回响应的正确格式。