当使用不同的服务帐户时，向Server发出还原证书

Question

我试图在SQL 2017中配置备份加密，并遇到了一些问题。

在一台机器上创建主密钥和证书没有问题。在另一台计算机上安装证书并读取备份也没有问题，但是，如果另一台计算机运行的服务帐户与创建cert的服务器帐户不同，则存在一个问题。

下面是我正在执行的步骤(我也尝试恢复主键，但这也会引发错误)：

/* Server 1 */
/* Create the master key */
USE master;  
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'SomeRandomSecureString';  
GO 


/* Create the certificate to be used for backups */
CREATE CERTIFICATE BackupCert  
   WITH SUBJECT = 'Backup Encryption Certificate';  
GO

/* Backup the master key */
BACKUP MASTER KEY TO FILE = '\\FileShare\DatabaseMasterKey_Master.key'   
    ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'SomeRandomPwd';

BACKUP CERTIFICATE BackupCert TO FILE = '\\FileShare\BackupCert.cer'
  WITH PRIVATE KEY (FILE = '\\FileShareBackupCert.pvk',   
     ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'RandomEncryptionPwd');   

GO 

/* Server 2 */
/* Create master key */
USE master;  
CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'SomeRandomSecureString';  
GO 

/* Restore the cert */
CREATE CERTIFICATE BackupCert FROM FILE = '\\FileShare\BackupCert.cer'
  WITH PRIVATE KEY (FILE = '\\FileShare\BackupCert.pvk',   
     DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'RandomEncryptionPwd');

--Msg 15208, Level 16, State 6, Line 32
--The certificate, asymmetric key, or private key file is not valid or does not exist; or you do not have permissions for it.

/* Try restoring the master key instead */
DROP MASTER KEY;

RESTORE MASTER KEY FROM FILE = '\\FileShare\DatabaseMasterKey_Master.key'   
    DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'RandomEncryptionPwd'
    ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'RandomEncryptionPwd';

--Msg 15317, Level 16, State 2, Line 39
--The master key file does not exist or has invalid format.

为了弄清楚这里发生了什么，我看了一些参考资料：

• https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/backup-restore/backup-encryption?view=sql-server-2017
• https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/security/encryption/create-a-database-master-key?view=sql-server-2017
• https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-certificate-transact-sql?view=sql-server-2017
• https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/backup-restore/create-an-encrypted-backup?view=sql-server-2017

我还确保SMK在所有机器之间是相同的，但在恢复证书方面仍然没有运气。

我确信我在这里做错了什么，但我一直无法弄清楚是什么。

任何想法都将不胜感激。谢谢。

Answer 1

您需要修复证书上的NTFS权限。默认情况下，SQL创建备份时将设置NTFS权限，以便只有运行SQL服务的帐户才能读取证书备份文件。

这就是为什么它只运行于一个帐户，而不工作于两个帐户。