如何在NodeJS上使用英弗拉和web3js@1.x.x部署智能合同？

Question

我有一个用NodeJS编写的应用程序，每次启动它都必须部署一个智能契约。一旦部署了契约，这个应用程序将与它交互，进行一些事务处理并侦听其事件。

关于事务处理、调用智能契约函数和侦听事件的部分工作正常，我曾经无法做的一件事就是使用NodeJS部署智能契约。

要部署它，我必须通过命令行使用块菌，然后启动我的NodeJS应用程序，将智能契约地址传递给它。就这样一切都很好。

通过直接从NodeJS应用程序运行控制台命令(process，捕捉其输出，解析字符串并找到合同地址)，我找到了一个非常糟糕的解决方法。还有..。是的，它有效！)。

很明显我试过通过恩弗拉做这件事，但没有成功。为什么？我不知道，但我可以解释我做了什么。由于部署智能契约不亚于进行正常事务，所以我准备好了它，签署了它，并以与前面提到的其他正常事务和合同函数调用相同的方式发送它。看上去很管用！但每次我都会犯两个类似的错误：

• 天然气价格*天然气+价值是不够的
• 如果我把汽油调高，就会超过汽油限额。

我几乎可以肯定，这不是关于气体的问题，而是在准备过程中的其他错误--准备>标志>发送。

请注意，我没有必要在每次运行时编译智能契约！ABI和字节码在每次运行时都是相同的，因此在没有重新编译的情况下迁移/部署它就足够了。

这是NodeJS中用于部署智能契约的函数的代码，它失败并返回气体错误：

const amountToSend = 0.010000;

const contract_PrintProofOfWork = new web3.eth.Contract(contractAbi, process.env.SMART_CONTRACT_ADDRESS, {
    from: web3.eth.defaultAccount,
    gasPrice: '10000000'
});

async function getBalance(address) {
    let destinationBalanceWei = await web3.eth.getBalance(address);
    let destinationBalance = web3.utils.fromWei(destinationBalanceWei, 'ether');
    return destinationBalance;
}

const getCurrentGasPrices = async () => {
    let response = await axios.get('https://ethgasstation.info/json/ethgasAPI.json');
    let prices = {
        low: response.data.safeLow / 10,
        medium: response.data.average / 10,
        high: response.data.fast / 10
    };
    log("\r\n");
    log('Current ETH Gas Prices (in GWEI):');
    log(`Low: ${prices.low} (transaction completes in < 30 minutes)`);
    log(`Standard: ${prices.medium} (transaction completes in < 5 minutes)`);
    log(`Fast: ${prices.high} (transaction completes in < 2 minutes)`);
    log("\r\n");
    return prices
};

// This function is used to deploy contract
const deploy = async () => {

    log(process.env.WALLET_ADDRESS);
    log(`Local PC wallet balance is currently ${await getBalance(web3.eth.defaultAccount)} ETH`.cyan);

    let deploy = contract_PrintProofOfWork.deploy({
        data: contractByteCode
        //arguments: []
    }).encodeABI();

    let nonce = await web3.eth.getTransactionCount(web3.eth.defaultAccount);
    log(`The outgoing transaction count for your wallet address is: ${nonce}`.yellow);

    // Fetch the current transaction gas prices from https://ethgasstation.info/
    let gasPrices = await getCurrentGasPrices();

    // Build a new transaction object and sign it locally
    let transactionObject = {
        "to": process.env.DESTINATION_WALLET_ADDRESS,
        "value": web3.utils.toHex(web3.utils.toWei(amountToSend.toString(), 'ether')),
        "gas": 8000000,
        "gasPrice": gasPrices.high * 1000000000, // converts the gwei price to wei
        "nonce": nonce,
        "chainId": 3 // EIP 155 chainId - mainnet: 1, ropsten: 3, rinkeby: 4 (https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/17051/how-to-select-a-network-id-or-is-there-a-list-of-network-ids/17101#17101)
    };

    web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(transactionObject, process.env.WALLET_PRIVATE_KEY, function (error, signedTx) {
        if (error) {
            log(`${error}`.red);
        } else {
            web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(signedTx.rawTransaction)
                .on('confirmation', function (number) {//dostuff
                    log(`Success: ${number}`.green);

                });

            // Note this address. It will be used to create contract instance from Angular 5 application.
            //console.log("contract deployed to", result.options.address);
        }
    }).catch(function(err){
        log(`${err}`.red);
    });
};

// Call deploy function.
deploy();

错误：

(节点:23315) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning:错误:节点错误：{“代码”：-32000，“消息”：“资金不足用于天然气*价格+价值”} (/Users/sahelanthropus/IdeaProjects/ThesisPrototype/prototype-local-simple/node_modules/web3-providers/dist/web3-providers.cjs.js:349:18) at /Users/sahelanthropus/IdeaProjects/ThesisPrototype/prototype-local-simple/node_modules/web3-providers/dist/web3-providers.cjs.js:692:57 at processTicksAndRejections ( Function.validate /process/next_tick.js:81:5)

或者如果我举起要用的气体：

(节点:23329) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning:错误:节点错误：{“代码”：-32000，在(/Users/sahelanthropus/IdeaProjects/ThesisPrototype/prototype-local-simple/node_modules/web3-providers/dist/web3-providers.cjs.js:349:18) at /Users/sahelanthropus/IdeaProjects/ThesisPrototype/prototype-local-simple/node_modules/web3-providers/dist/web3-providers.cjs.js:692:57 at processTicksAndRejections ( Function.validate /process/next_tick.js:81:5)，“message”：“超过区块气体限值”}

有人能简单地告诉我如何使用web3js e Infura部署智能契约吗?即使不参考我在这个问题中暴露的代码和问题？

更新：

Answer 1

这就是我工作时的样子：

PS C:\Projects\Eth_Dev\simple> ls


    Directory: C:\Projects\Eth_Dev\simple


Mode                LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                -------------         ------ ----
d-----       27/02/2019     21:25                contracts
d-----       27/02/2019     21:22                node_modules
d-----       27/02/2019     21:25                test
-a----       27/02/2019     21:25            691 compile.js
-a----       27/02/2019     21:29            907 deploy.js
-a----       27/02/2019     21:22         152654 package-lock.json
-a----       27/02/2019     21:28            339 package.json

package.json的内容：

{
  "name": "myContract",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "mocha"
  },
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "ganache-cli": "^6.2.5",
    "mocha": "^5.2.0",
    "solc": "^0.4.25",
    "truffle-hdwallet-provider": "0.0.3",
    "web3": "^1.0.0-beta.35"
  }
}

除了npm install之外，我唯一需要运行的其他命令是npm install --global --production windows-build-tools。

contracts\myContract.sol含量

pragma solidity ^0.4.17;

contract MyContract {
    string public message;

    function MyContract(string initialMessage) public {
        message = initialMessage;
    }

    function setMessage(string newMessage) public {
        message = newMessage;
    }
}

这是一个似乎有效的deploy.js脚本。运行“节点deploy.js”将部署到Rinkeby网络

const HDWalletProvider = require('truffle-hdwallet-provider');
const Web3 = require('web3');
const {interface, bytecode} = require('./compile');

const provider = new HDWalletProvider(
  'your twelve word mnemonic',
  'https://rinkeby.infura.io/v3/YOUR_API_KEY'
);

const web3 = new Web3(provider);

const deploy = async () => {
  const accounts = await web3.eth.getAccounts();
  console.log('Attempting to deploy from account', accounts[0]);


  const result = await new web3.eth.Contract(JSON.parse(interface))
    .deploy({data:bytecode, arguments:['This is deployed!']})
    .send({gas:'1000000', from: accounts[0]});

  console.log('Contract deployed to ', result.options.address);
};
deploy();

有一个对编译文件的引用。compile.js看起来如下所示：

const path = require('path');  //builds a path from the current file.
const fs = require('fs');

//Need the solidity compiler
const solc = require('solc');

//__dirname will get the inbox dir path.
//look in the contracts folder and get a path to the Inbox.sol file.
const myContractPath = path.resolve(__dirname,'contracts','myContract.sol');

//Read in the contents of the file. The raw source code.
const source = fs.readFileSync(myContractPath,'utf8');

//console.log(solc.compile(source,1));
//This will export the compiled file. Make it available
//At the moment only interested in the Inbox contract.
module.exports = solc.compile(source,1).contracts[':MyContract'];

以及产出：

PS C:\Projects\Eth_Dev\simple> node .\deploy.js
Attempting to deploy from account 0x15ec...B
Contract deployed to  0x5...2DA9269a