尝试理解https://github.com/StefanScherer/packer-windows中的windows 10封隔器模板示例

Question

我是封隔器的初学者。我正在使用在https://github.com/StefanScherer/packer-windows for Windows 10中找到的模板，并且能够使用该模板和我自己的.ISO在Hyper中创建一个虚拟机。

现在，我想采取下一步，将我自己的一些PowerShell脚本添加到这个过程中，但是我注意到这个模板在模板的不同部分有多个对'floppy_files‘的引用，但是它们是重复的相同的脚本文件吗？谁能解释一下原因吗？我是否需要将我的脚本放在每个floppy_files集合中？我宁愿明白为什么在我这么做之前，即使它确实是有效的。为了清晰起见，模板如下所示。

{
  "builders": [
    {
      "accelerator": "kvm",
      "boot_wait": "6m",
      "communicator": "winrm",
      "cpus": "2",
      "disk_size": "{{user `disk_size`}}",
      "floppy_files": [
        "{{user `autounattend`}}",
        "./floppy/WindowsPowershell.lnk",
        "./floppy/PinTo10.exe",
        "./scripts/fixnetwork.ps1",
        "./scripts/disable-screensaver.ps1",
        "./scripts/disable-winrm.ps1",
        "./scripts/enable-winrm.ps1",
        "./scripts/microsoft-updates.bat",
        "./scripts/win-updates.ps1"
      ],
      "headless": true,
      "iso_checksum": "{{user `iso_checksum`}}",
      "iso_url": "{{user `iso_url`}}",      
      "memory": "{{user `memory`}}",
      "output_directory": "windows_10-qemu",
      "qemuargs": [
        [
          "-drive",
          "file=windows_10-qemu/{{ .Name }},if=virtio,cache=writeback,discard=ignore,format=qcow2,index=1"
        ],
        [
          "-drive",
          "file={{ user `iso_url` }},media=cdrom,index=2"
        ],
        [
          "-drive",
          "file={{ user `virtio_win_iso` }},media=cdrom,index=3"
        ]
      ],
      "shutdown_command": "shutdown /s /t 10 /f /d p:4:1 /c \"Packer Shutdown\"",
      "type": "qemu",
      "vm_name": "{{user `vm_name`}}",
      "winrm_password": "vagrant",
      "winrm_timeout": "{{user `winrm_timeout`}}",
      "winrm_username": "vagrant"
    },
    {
      "boot_wait": "6m",
      "communicator": "winrm",
      "configuration_version": "8.0",
      "cpus": "2",
      "disk_size": "{{user `disk_size`}}",
      "floppy_files": [
        "{{user `autounattend`}}",
        "./floppy/WindowsPowershell.lnk",
        "./floppy/PinTo10.exe",
        "./scripts/fixnetwork.ps1",
        "./scripts/disable-screensaver.ps1",
        "./scripts/disable-winrm.ps1",
        "./scripts/enable-winrm.ps1",
        "./scripts/microsoft-updates.bat",
        "./scripts/win-updates.ps1"
      ],
      "guest_additions_mode": "none",
      "iso_checksum": "{{user `iso_checksum`}}",
      "iso_url": "{{user `iso_url`}}",
      "memory": "{{user `memory`}}",
      "shutdown_command": "shutdown /s /t 10 /f /d p:4:1 /c \"Packer Shutdown\"",
      "switch_name": "{{user `switch_name`}}",
      "type": "hyperv-iso",
      "vm_name": "{{user `vm_name`}}",
      "winrm_password": "vagrant",
      "winrm_timeout": "{{user `winrm_timeout`}}",
      "winrm_username": "vagrant"
    },
    {
      "boot_command": "",
      "boot_wait": "6m",
      "communicator": "winrm",
      "cpus": 2,
      "disk_adapter_type": "lsisas1068",
      "disk_size": "{{user `disk_size`}}",
      "disk_type_id": "{{user `disk_type_id`}}",
      "floppy_files": [
        "{{user `autounattend`}}",
        "./floppy/WindowsPowershell.lnk",
        "./floppy/PinTo10.exe",
        "./scripts/fixnetwork.ps1",
        "./scripts/disable-screensaver.ps1",
        "./scripts/disable-winrm.ps1",
        "./scripts/enable-winrm.ps1",
        "./scripts/microsoft-updates.bat",
        "./scripts/win-updates.ps1"
      ],
      "guest_os_type": "windows9-64",
      "headless": "{{user `headless`}}",
      "iso_checksum": "{{user `iso_checksum`}}",
      "iso_url": "{{user `iso_url`}}",
      "memory": "{{user `memory`}}",
      "shutdown_command": "shutdown /s /t 10 /f /d p:4:1 /c \"Packer Shutdown\"",
      "type": "vmware-iso",
      "version": "{{user `vmx_version`}}",
      "vm_name": "{{user `vm_name`}}",
      "vmx_data": {
        "RemoteDisplay.vnc.enabled": "false",
        "RemoteDisplay.vnc.port": "5900"
      },
      "vmx_remove_ethernet_interfaces": true,
      "vnc_port_max": 5980,
      "vnc_port_min": 5900,
      "winrm_password": "vagrant",
      "winrm_timeout": "{{user `winrm_timeout`}}",
      "winrm_username": "vagrant"
    },
    {
      "boot_command": "",
      "boot_wait": "6m",
      "communicator": "winrm",
      "cpus": 2,
      "disk_size": "{{user `disk_size`}}",
      "floppy_files": [
        "{{user `autounattend`}}",
        "./floppy/WindowsPowershell.lnk",
        "./floppy/PinTo10.exe",
        "./scripts/fixnetwork.ps1",
        "./scripts/disable-screensaver.ps1",
        "./scripts/disable-winrm.ps1",
        "./scripts/enable-winrm.ps1",
        "./scripts/microsoft-updates.bat",
        "./scripts/win-updates.ps1"
      ],
      "guest_additions_mode": "disable",
      "guest_os_type": "Windows10_64",
      "headless": "{{user `headless`}}",
      "iso_checksum": "{{user `iso_checksum`}}",
      "iso_url": "{{user `iso_url`}}",
      "memory": "{{user `memory`}}",
      "shutdown_command": "shutdown /s /t 10 /f /d p:4:1 /c \"Packer Shutdown\"",
      "type": "virtualbox-iso",
      "vm_name": "{{user `vm_name`}}",
      "winrm_password": "vagrant",
      "winrm_timeout": "{{user `winrm_timeout`}}",
      "winrm_username": "vagrant"
    },
    {
      "boot_command": "",
      "boot_wait": "6m",
      "communicator": "winrm",
      "cpus": 2,
      "disk_size": "{{user `disk_size`}}",
      "floppy_files": [
        "{{user `autounattend`}}",
        "./floppy/WindowsPowershell.lnk",
        "./floppy/PinTo10.exe",
        "./scripts/fixnetwork.ps1",
        "./scripts/disable-screensaver.ps1",
        "./scripts/disable-winrm.ps1",
        "./scripts/enable-winrm.ps1",
        "./scripts/microsoft-updates.bat",
        "./scripts/win-updates.ps1"
      ],
      "guest_os_type": "win-10",
      "iso_checksum": "{{user `iso_checksum`}}",
      "iso_url": "{{user `iso_url`}}",
      "memory": "{{user `memory`}}",
      "shutdown_command": "shutdown /s /t 10 /f /d p:4:1 /c \"Packer Shutdown\"",
      "type": "parallels-iso",
      "parallels_tools_flavor": "win",
      "parallels_tools_mode": "disable",
      "prlctl": [
        [
          "set",
          "{{.Name}}",
          "--adaptive-hypervisor",
          "on"
        ],
        [
          "set",
          "{{.Name}}",
          "--efi-boot",
          "off"
        ]
      ],
      "vm_name": "{{user `vm_name`}}",
      "winrm_password": "vagrant",
      "winrm_timeout": "{{user `winrm_timeout`}}",
      "winrm_username": "vagrant"
    }
  ],
  "post-processors": [
    {
      "keep_input_artifact": false,
      "output": "windows_10_{{.Provider}}.box",
      "type": "vagrant",
      "vagrantfile_template": "vagrantfile-windows_10.template"
    }
  ],
  "provisioners": [
    {
      "execute_command": "{{ .Vars }} cmd /c \"{{ .Path }}\"",
      "remote_path": "/tmp/script.bat",
      "scripts": [
        "./scripts/enable-rdp.bat"
      ],
      "type": "windows-shell"
    },
    {
      "scripts": [
        "./scripts/vm-guest-tools.ps1",
        "./scripts/debloat-windows.ps1"
      ],
      "type": "powershell"
    },
    {
      "restart_timeout": "{{user `restart_timeout`}}",
      "type": "windows-restart"
    },
    {
      "scripts": [
        "./scripts/set-powerplan.ps1",
        "./scripts/docker/disable-windows-defender.ps1"
      ],
      "type": "powershell"
    },
    {
      "execute_command": "{{ .Vars }} cmd /c \"{{ .Path }}\"",
      "remote_path": "/tmp/script.bat",
      "scripts": [
        "./scripts/pin-powershell.bat",
        "./scripts/compile-dotnet-assemblies.bat",
        "./scripts/set-winrm-automatic.bat",
        "./scripts/uac-enable.bat",
        "./scripts/dis-updates.bat",
        "./scripts/compact.bat"
      ],
      "type": "windows-shell"
    }
  ],
  "variables": {
    "autounattend": "./answer_files/10/Autounattend.xml",
    "disk_size": "61440",
    "disk_type_id": "1",
    "memory": "2048",
    "headless": "false",
    "iso_checksum": "sha256:668fe1af70c2f7416328aee3a0bb066b12dc6bbd2576f40f812b95741e18bc3a",
    "iso_url": "https://software-download.microsoft.com/download/sg/17763.107.101029-1455.rs5_release_svc_refresh_CLIENT_LTSC_EVAL_x64FRE_en-us.iso",
    "restart_timeout": "5m",
    "vhv_enable": "false",
    "virtio_win_iso": "~/virtio-win.iso",
    "vm_name": "windows_10_pos",
    "winrm_timeout": "6h",
    "vmx_version": "14"
  }
}

Answer 1

你在看一张不同建筑商的名单。可以有多个构建器条目，它们由特定的“类型”表示--参见名为type的字段。

在Stefan的例子中，有qemu，hyperv-iso，vmware-iso，virtualbox-iso，最后还有parallels-iso。

其中每一个都包含

• 构建VM“工件”的完整参数集
• 相应管理程序的正确参数。
• 安装特定客户工具的脚本
• 它们都需要用于共享任务的脚本，即自动更新脚本。

这里的工件是一个已安装的VM，它的格式是这个特定的hypervisor / iso的那个/某样东西。

这就是为什么你可以有一些复制，因此，这就是为什么你可能只需要复制一个构建器部分。