如何绕过“nabla_div”这个名称在ft06_elasticity.py示例中没有定义错误？

Question

我在Ubuntu18.04上使用Conda安装了Fenics，并在运行他们的elasticity.py示例时收到以下错误。

我试图在文档中找到解决方案或解决办法，但我甚至在任何地方都找不到nabla_div()函数描述。

芬尼茨文档指出：

nabla_grad 梯度和散度运算符现在有前缀nabla_。这在目前的问题中是没有必要的，但是对于连续介质力学中产生的向量PDE，如果你把∇解释为PDE表示法中的向量，请参阅变分公式一节中关于∇的方框。

"""
FEniCS tutorial demo program: Linear elastic problem.
  -div(sigma(u)) = f
The model is used to simulate an elastic beam clamped at
its left end and deformed under its own weight.
"""

from __future__ import print_function
from fenics import *

# Scaled variables
L = 1; W = 0.2
mu = 1
rho = 1
delta = W/L
gamma = 0.4*delta**2
beta = 1.25
lambda_ = beta
g = gamma

# Create mesh and define function space
mesh = BoxMesh(Point(0, 0, 0), Point(L, W, W), 10, 3, 3)
V = VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, 'P', 1)

# Define boundary condition
tol = 1E-14

def clamped_boundary(x, on_boundary):
    return on_boundary and x[0] < tol

bc = DirichletBC(V, Constant((0, 0, 0)), clamped_boundary)

# Define strain and stress

def epsilon(u):
    return 0.5*(nabla_grad(u) + nabla_grad(u).T)
    #return sym(nabla_grad(u))

def sigma(u):
    return lambda_*nabla_div(u)*Identity(d) + 2*mu*epsilon(u)

# Define variational problem
u = TrialFunction(V)
d = u.geometric_dimension()  # space dimension
v = TestFunction(V)
f = Constant((0, 0, -rho*g))
T = Constant((0, 0, 0))
a = inner(sigma(u), epsilon(v))*dx
L = dot(f, v)*dx + dot(T, v)*ds

# Compute solution
u = Function(V)
solve(a == L, u, bc)

# Plot solution
plot(u, title='Displacement', mode='displacement')

# Plot stress
s = sigma(u) - (1./3)*tr(sigma(u))*Identity(d)  # deviatoric stress
von_Mises = sqrt(3./2*inner(s, s))
V = FunctionSpace(mesh, 'P', 1)
von_Mises = project(von_Mises, V)
plot(von_Mises, title='Stress intensity')

# Compute magnitude of displacement
u_magnitude = sqrt(dot(u, u))
u_magnitude = project(u_magnitude, V)
plot(u_magnitude, 'Displacement magnitude')
print('min/max u:',
      u_magnitude.vector().array().min(),
      u_magnitude.vector().array().max())

# Save solution to file in VTK format
File('elasticity/displacement.pvd') << u
File('elasticity/von_mises.pvd') << von_Mises
File('elasticity/magnitude.pvd') << u_magnitude

# Hold plot
interactive()

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "fenics_ft06_elasticity.py", line 48, in <module>
    a = inner(sigma(u), epsilon(v))*dx
  File "fenics_ft06_elasticity.py", line 40, in sigma
    return lambda_*nabla_div(u)*Identity(d) + 2*mu*epsilon(u)
NameError: name 'nabla_div' is not defined

Answer 1

我发现用'div(u)‘代替'nabla_div(u)’解决了这个错误。然而，它确实直接导致了下一个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "fenics_ft06_elasticity.py", line 56, in <module>
    plot(u, title='Displacement', mode='displacement')
  File "/home/ron/miniconda3/envs/fenicsproject/lib/python3.7/site-packages/dolfin/common/plotting.py", line 438, in plot
    return _plot_matplotlib(object, mesh, kwargs)
  File "/home/ron/miniconda3/envs/fenicsproject/lib/python3.7/site-packages/dolfin/common/plotting.py", line 282, in _plot_matplotlib
    ax.set_aspect('equal')
  File "/home/ron/miniconda3/envs/fenicsproject/lib/python3.7/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 1281, in set_aspect
    'It is not currently possible to manually set the aspect '
NotImplementedError: It is not currently possible to manually set the aspect on 3D axes

Answer 2

只需将这两行添加到代码的开头，以使用nabla_grad和nabla_div：

from ufl import nabla_grad
from ufl import nabla_div