CUDD包:编译过程中未定义的引用

Question

为了研究目的，我正在学习CUDD软件包。我有一个示例代码，我尝试从其中学习基本功能。但是我在编译过程中出错了。

我已经为标题设置了路径。

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "cudd.h"
#include "util.h"

void print_dd(DdManager *gbm, DdNode *dd, int n, int pr)
{
    printf("Ddmanager nodes : %ld \n",Cudd_ReadNodeCount(gbm)); 
    printf("Ddmanager vars : %d \n",Cudd_ReadSize(gbm)); 
    printf("Ddmanager reorderings :%d\n",Cudd_ReadReorderings(gbm));
    printf("DdManager memory % ld",Cudd_ReadMemoryInUse(gbm));
    Cudd_PrintDebug(gbm,dd,n,pr);
}

void write_dd(DdManager *gbm, DdNode *dd, char * filename)
{
   FILE *outfile; 
   outfile=fopen(filename,"w");
   DdNode **ddnodearray=(DdNode **)malloc(sizeof(DdNode*));
   ddnodearray[0]=dd;
   Cudd_DumpDot(gbm,1,ddnodearray,NULL,NULL,outfile);
   free(ddnodearray);
   fclose(outfile);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    DdManager *gbm;
    char filename[30];
    gbm=Cudd_Init(0,0,CUDD_UNIQUE_SLOTS,CUDD_CACHE_SLOTS,0);
    DdNode *bdd=Cudd_bddNewVar(gbm);
    Cudd_Ref(bdd);
    bdd=Cudd_BddToAdd(gbm,bdd);
    print_dd(gbm,bdd,2,4);
    sprintf(filename,"./bdd/graph.dot");
    write_dd(gbm,bdd,filename);
    Cudd_Quit(gbm);
    return 0;       
}

我在编译过程中遇到了一些错误。

 gcc -I /home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0 -I /home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/util -I /home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd transfer1.c /home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a -o transfer1 
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddAPI.o): In function `Cudd_ExpectedUsedSlots':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAPI.c:1835: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAPI.c:1844: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAPI.c:1850: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddCache.o): In function `cuddCacheProfile':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddCache.c:816: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddUtil.o): In function `Cudd_CountMinterm':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddUtil.o): In function `Cudd_LdblCountMinterm':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:729: undefined reference to `powl'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddUtil.o): In function `Cudd_CountMinterm':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddUtil.c:595: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-epd.o): In function `EpdNormalizeDecimal':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/epd/epd.c:834: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/epd/epd.c:834: undefined reference to `pow'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-epd.o):/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/epd/epd.c:452: more undefined references to `pow' follow
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddAnneal.o): In function `siftBackwardProb':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAnneal.c:671: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAnneal.c:671: undefined reference to `exp'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddAnneal.o): In function `cuddAnnealing':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAnneal.c:229: undefined reference to `log'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAnneal.c:229: undefined reference to `log'
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a(cudd_libcudd_la-cuddAnneal.o): In function `siftBackwardProb':
/home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/cuddAnneal.c:671: undefined reference to `exp'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

我曾试图静态地链接库，但存在一个问题。我怎么才能修好它？

Answer 1

您编译了cudd并生成了一个静态库。现在您需要链接到它：

gcc .. <other options> ... transfer1.c /home/subhadip/cudd-3.0.0/cudd/.libs/libcudd.a -o transfer1

请注意，文件的顺序很重要。

我可以猜测，对于C++支持，您必须链接到cplusplus/.libs/libobj.a，而对于dddmp支持，您需要在dddmp/.libs/libdddmp.a中导出符号。

Answer 2

使用上述解决方案后，如果错误仍然存在，对于我来说，我还没有在代码行的适当位置创建名为“bdd”的文件夹：

sprintf(filename, "./bdd/graph.dot");

现在，它正在为我执行。