在Ubuntu 16: QGIS上安装qgis-plugin:依赖: grass760，但它是不可安装的

Question

我试图在我的Ubuntu 16上安装QGIS，但我做不到。

首先，我尝试在我的Ubuntu上卸载任何QGIS版本，比如描述的这里和这里

在此之后，为了安装QGIS，我尝试跟踪QGIS文档和其他一些页面(如这里 )，但没有结果。控制台引发以下错误：

$ sudo apt-获取安装qgis python-qgis qgis-plugin

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
python-qgis is already the newest version (1:3.4.4+24xenial-ubuntugis-1).
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 qgis-plugin-grass : Depends: grass760 but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

然后，我尝试了下面的解决方案，但是控制台引发了以下错误：

$ sudo aptitude安装qgis python plugin

python-qgis is already installed at the requested version (1:3.4.4+24xenial-ubuntugis-1)
python-qgis is already installed at the requested version (1:3.4.4+24xenial-ubuntugis-1)
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libjs-leaflet{a} libqgis-app3.4.4{a} libqgisgrass7-3.4.4{a} qgis qgis-common{a} qgis-plugin-grass{b} qgis-plugin-grass-common{a} qgis-provider-grass{a} 
  qgis-providers{a} qgis-providers-common{a} 
0 packages upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 38,2 MB of archives. After unpacking 130 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 qgis-plugin-grass : Depends: grass760 which is a virtual package and is not provided by any available package.

The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Keep the following packages at their current version:
1)     qgis-plugin-grass [Not Installed]                  

     Leave the following dependencies unresolved:         
2)     qgis recommends qgis-plugin-grass                  

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

      Install the following packages:                           
1)      libqgis-analysis3.4.6 [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]   
2)      libqgis-app3.4.6 [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]        
3)      libqgis-core3.4.6 [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]       
4)      libqgis-gui3.4.6 [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]        
5)      libqgis-native3.4.6 [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]     
6)      libqgis-server3.4.6 [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]     
7)      libqgisgrass7-3.4.6 [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]     
8)      libqgispython3.4.6 [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]      
9)      python3-qgis [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]            
10)     python3-qgis-common [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]     
11)     qgis [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]                    
12)     qgis-common [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]             
13)     qgis-plugin-grass [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]       
14)     qgis-plugin-grass-common [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]
15)     qgis-provider-grass [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]     
16)     qgis-providers [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]          
17)     qgis-providers-common [3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 (xenial)]   

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] Y
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libjs-leaflet{a} libqgis-analysis3.4.6{a} libqgis-app3.4.6{a} libqgis-core3.4.6{a} libqgis-gui3.4.6{a} libqgis-native3.4.6{a} libqgis-server3.4.6{a} 
  libqgisgrass7-3.4.6{a} libqgispython3.4.6{a} python3-qgis{a} python3-qgis-common{a} qgis qgis-common{a} qgis-plugin-grass qgis-plugin-grass-common{a} 
  qgis-provider-grass{a} qgis-providers{a} qgis-providers-common{a} 
0 packages upgraded, 18 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 70,6 MB of archives. After unpacking 236 MB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
[...]
Preparing to unpack .../python3-qgis-common_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-qgis-common (3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-qgis-common_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/PyQt5/uic/widget-plugins/qgis_customwidgets.py', which is also in package python-qgis-common 1:3.4.4+24xenial-ubuntugis-1
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Preparing to unpack .../python3-qgis_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-qgis (3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-qgis_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/qgis/__init__.py', which is also in package python-qgis 1:3.4.4+24xenial-ubuntugis-1
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
[...]
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1.1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-qgis-common_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_all.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-qgis_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
Failed to perform requested operation on package.  Trying to recover:
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of qgis:
 qgis depends on python3-qgis (= 3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1); however:
  Package python3-qgis is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package qgis (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of qgis-plugin-grass:
 qgis-plugin-grass depends on qgis (= 3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1); however:
  Package qgis is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package qgis-plugin-grass (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
[...]
Errors were encountered while processing:
 qgis
 qgis-plugin-grass

Current status: 1 (+1) broken.

现在在Ubuntu菜单上显示了以下错误消息：Error: BrokenCount > 0和unmet dependencies

之后，我尝试用这个解决方案修复，但是当我再次尝试使用sudo apt-get install qgis python-qgis qgis-plugin-grass命令时，同样的错误发生了，不幸的是(即qgis-plugin-grass : Depends: grass760 but it is not installable)。

然后，我尝试添加python3-qgis，但是也发生了一个错误：

$ sudo apt-获取安装python3 3-qgis

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libqgis-analysis3.4.6 libqgis-core3.4.6 libqgis-gui3.4.6 libqgis-native3.4.6 libqgis-server3.4.6 libqgispython3.4.6 python3-qgis-common
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libqgis-analysis3.4.6 libqgis-core3.4.6 libqgis-gui3.4.6 libqgis-native3.4.6 libqgis-server3.4.6 libqgispython3.4.6 python3-qgis python3-qgis-common
0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 31,9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 105 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
Get:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libqgis-core3.4.6 amd64 3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 [6.071 kB]
Get:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libqgis-analysis3.4.6 amd64 3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1 [2.620 kB]                            
[...]
Unpacking python3-qgis-common (3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-qgis-common_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/PyQt5/uic/widget-plugins/qgis_customwidgets.py', which is also in package python-qgis-common 1:3.4.4+24xenial-ubuntugis-1
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Preparing to unpack .../python3-qgis_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-qgis (3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-qgis_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/qgis/__init__.py', which is also in package python-qgis 1:3.4.4+24xenial-ubuntugis-1
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu11) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-qgis-common_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_all.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-qgis_3.4.6+dfsg-1~xenial1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

即使有这些错误，QGIS也被“安装”了，但我担心根据上面的错误，这个安装将来可能会有问题。

有人知道会发生什么吗？我能做些什么来解决这个问题？

提前谢谢你。

编辑1:

当我试图只安装qgis-plugin-grass包时，我发现这个包会导致错误。

$ sudo apt-get install qgis-plugin

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 qgis-plugin-grass : Depends: grass760 but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Answer 1

这在Ubuntu 18上对我起了作用：

sudo apt install aptitude
sudo aptitude install qgis qgis-plugin-grass