如何使用regex匹配子字符串，并在匹配前后获得额外的字符串

Question

在下面的字符串中，我想提取子字符串。

场景：

1. 一旦wafers_starts在字符串中匹配，就应该从上一次匹配<ac:structured-macro中选择该字符串。(下面的示例中有两个，我只需要wafers_starts前面的一个)
2. 应该选择子字符串，直到它与wafers_ends和第一个结束标记</ac:structured-macro>相匹配为止。

示例代码：

if ($matches -ne $null) { Remove-Variable $matches }

$confluenceHtml = "<h2>Description</h2><ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id=""77f3n751-39w7-4746-acd4-bee7586449ed"" ac:name=""warning"" ac:schema-version=""1""><ac:parameter ac:name=""title"">Compatibility</ac:parameter><ac:rich-text-body><p class=""auto-cursor-target""><br/></p><table class=""wrapped""><colgroup> <col/> <col/> <col/> </colgroup><tbody><tr><th><p>Prerequisite</p><p>This needs a progressive rollout </p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class=""auto-cursor-target""><br/></p><p class=""auto-cursor-target""><br/></p><ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id=""4657sd53-e024-4ea3-a5e2-4586667542da"" ac:name=""excerpt"" ac:schema-version=""1""><ac:parameter ac:name=""hidden"">true</ac:parameter><ac:parameter ac:name=""atlassian-macro-output-type"">INLINE</ac:parameter><ac:rich-text-body><p>wafers_starts</p></ac:rich-text-body></ac:structured-macro><h2>Deployment Notes</h2><ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id=""77f5e121-31d7-4576-awq4-bej57t6d39ed"" ac:name=""warning"" ac:schema-version=""1""><ac:parameter ac:name=""title"">Compatibility</ac:parameter>  <ac:rich-text-body><p class=""auto-cursor-target""><br/></p><table class=""wrapped""><colgroup> <col/> <col/> <col/> </colgroup><tbody><tr><th><p>Prerequisite</p><p>This needs a progressive rollout 2,3,4,5 and so on</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class=""auto-cursor-target""><br/></p><ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id=""72d7h552-a5dd-44cc-a4re-6f3247574fbd"" ac:name=""excerpt"" ac:schema-version=""1""><ac:parameter ac:name=""hidden"">true</ac:parameter><ac:parameter ac:name=""atlassian-macro-output-type"">INLINE</ac:parameter><ac:rich-text-body><p>wafers_ends</p></ac:rich-text-body></ac:structured-macro><p class=""auto-cursor-target""><br/></p></ac:structured-macro>"

if ($confluenceHtml -match '\<ac:structured-macro.+?wafers_starts([\s\S]*)wafers_ends.+?\<\/ac:structured-macro\>') {  
    $matches[0]
}

输出：

<ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id="77f3n751-39w7-4746-acd4-bee7586449ed" ac:name="warning" ac:schema-version="1"><ac:parameter ac:name="title">Compatibility</ac:parameter><ac:rich-text-body><p class="auto-cursor-target"><br/></p><table class="wrapped"><colgroup> <col/> <col/> <col/> </colgroup><tbody><tr><th><p>Prerequisite</p><p>This needs a progressive rollout </p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="auto-cursor-target"><br/></p><p class="auto-cursor-target"><br/></p><ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id="4657sd53-e024-4ea3-a5e2-4586667542da" ac:name="excerpt" ac:schema-version="1"><ac:parameter ac:name="hidden">true</ac:parameter><ac:parameter ac:name="atlassian-macro-output-type">INLINE</ac:parameter><ac:rich-text-body><p>wafers_starts</p></ac:rich-text-body></ac:structured-macro><h2>Deployment Notes</h2><ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id="77f5e121-31d7-4576-awq4-bej57t6d39ed" ac:name="warning" ac:schema-version="1"><ac:parameter ac:name="title">Compatibility</ac:parameter>  <ac:rich-text-body><p class="auto-cursor-target"><br/></p><table class="wrapped"><colgroup> <col/> <col/> <col/> </colgroup><tbody><tr><th><p>Prerequisite</p><p>This needs a progressive rollout 2,3,4,5 and so on</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="auto-cursor-target"><br/></p><ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id="72d7h552-a5dd-44cc-a4re-6f3247574fbd" ac:name="excerpt" ac:schema-version="1"><ac:parameter ac:name="hidden">true</ac:parameter><ac:parameter ac:name="atlassian-macro-output-type">INLINE</ac:parameter><ac:rich-text-body><p>wafers_ends</p></ac:rich-text-body></ac:structured-macro>

问题：

子字符串的结尾是可以的。然而，即使在几次尝试之后，也无法获得子字符串的开头。从<ac:structured-macro第一次出现之初起，就包含了这个正则表达式。

期望输出：

我只想要下面的子字符串，它只包含一次<ac:structured-macro，就在第一个匹配字符串wafers_starts之前。

<ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id="4657sd53-e024-4ea3-a5e2-4586667542da" ac:name="excerpt" ac:schema-version="1"><ac:parameter ac:name="hidden">true</ac:parameter><ac:parameter ac:name="atlassian-macro-output-type">INLINE</ac:parameter><ac:rich-text-body><p>wafers_starts</p></ac:rich-text-body></ac:structured-macro><h2>Deployment Notes</h2><ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id="77f5e121-31d7-4576-awq4-bej57t6d39ed" ac:name="warning" ac:schema-version="1"><ac:parameter ac:name="title">Compatibility</ac:parameter>  <ac:rich-text-body><p class="auto-cursor-target"><br/></p><table class="wrapped"><colgroup> <col/> <col/> <col/> </colgroup><tbody><tr><th><p>Prerequisite</p><p>This needs a progressive rollout 2,3,4,5 and so on</p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="auto-cursor-target"><br/></p><ac:structured-macro ac:macro-id="72d7h552-a5dd-44cc-a4re-6f3247574fbd" ac:name="excerpt" ac:schema-version="1"><ac:parameter ac:name="hidden">true</ac:parameter><ac:parameter ac:name="atlassian-macro-output-type">INLINE</ac:parameter><ac:rich-text-body><p>wafers_ends</p></ac:rich-text-body></ac:structured-macro>

问题：

寻找相关的/工作的正则表达式。

Answer 1

您需要使用这个正则表达式，它使用脾气暴躁的象征 (?:(?!ac:structured-macro).)+模式来拒绝在第一次匹配之后对ac:structured-macro的任何进一步匹配。

<ac:structured-macro(?:(?!ac:structured-macro).)+wafers_starts([\s\S]*)wafers_ends.+?<\/ac:structured-macro>

演示