如何添加参数以从同一目录中查找某个关键字

Question

我有一张图片列表，用来制作一个以某种模式命名的拼贴画。例如。

• yahoo_jp.png
• yahoo_us.png
• yahoo_uk.png
• yahoo_cn.png

所有文件都在同一个目录中。目前，我只能发送一个命令来对文件夹中的所有图像进行拼贴，但我要做的是能够从shell命令中发送一个特定的关键字，并在文件夹中查找与关键字匹配的文件列表，然后进行拼贴。

例如。shell命令make_collage.py -o my_collage.png -w 540 -i 840新参数--> -a "_us“--运行该命令时，它将只使用包含关键字"_us”的文件进行拼贴。因此，输出将是一个只包含"_us“图像的拼贴图。

import argparse
import os
import random
from PIL import Image


def make_collage(images, filename, width, init_height):
    """
    Make a collage image with a width equal to `width` from `images` and save to `filename`.
    """
    if not images:
        print('No images for collage found!')
        return False

    margin_size = 2
    # run until a suitable arrangement of images is found
    while True:
        # copy images to images_list
        images_list = images[:]
        coefs_lines = []
        images_line = []
        x = 0
        while images_list:
            # get first image and resize to `init_height`
            img_path = images_list.pop(0)
            img = Image.open(img_path)
            img.thumbnail((width, init_height))
            # when `x` will go beyond the `width`, start the next line
            if x > width:
                coefs_lines.append((float(x) / width, images_line))
                images_line = []
                x = 0
            x += img.size[0] + margin_size
            images_line.append(img_path)
        # finally add the last line with images
        coefs_lines.append((float(x) / width, images_line))

        # compact the lines, by reducing the `init_height`, if any with one or less images
        if len(coefs_lines) <= 1:
            break
        if any(map(lambda c: len(c[1]) <= 1, coefs_lines)):
            # reduce `init_height`
            init_height -= 10
        else:
            break

    # get output height
    out_height = 0
    for coef, imgs_line in coefs_lines:
        if imgs_line:
            out_height += int(init_height / coef) + margin_size
    if not out_height:
        print('Height of collage could not be 0!')
        return False

    collage_image = Image.new('RGB', (width, int(out_height)), (35, 35, 35))
    # put images to the collage
    y = 0
    for coef, imgs_line in coefs_lines:
        if imgs_line:
            x = 0
            for img_path in imgs_line:
                img = Image.open(img_path)
                # if need to enlarge an image - use `resize`, otherwise use `thumbnail`, it's faster
                k = (init_height / coef) / img.size[1]
                if k > 1:
                    img = img.resize((int(img.size[0] * k), int(img.size[1] * k)), Image.ANTIALIAS)
                else:
                    img.thumbnail((int(width / coef), int(init_height / coef)), Image.ANTIALIAS)
                if collage_image:
                    collage_image.paste(img, (int(x), int(y)))
                x += img.size[0] + margin_size
            y += int(init_height / coef) + margin_size
    collage_image.save(filename)
    return True


def main():
    # prepare argument parser
    parse = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Photo collage maker')
    parse.add_argument('-f', '--folder', dest='folder', help='folder with images (*.jpg, *.jpeg, *.png)', default='.')
    parse.add_argument('-o', '--output', dest='output', help='output collage image filename', default='collage.png')
    parse.add_argument('-w', '--width', dest='width', type=int, help='resulting collage image width')
    parse.add_argument('-i', '--init_height', dest='init_height', type=int, help='initial height for resize the images')
    parse.add_argument('-s', '--shuffle', action='store_true', dest='shuffle', help='enable images shuffle')

    args = parse.parse_args()
    if not args.width or not args.init_height:
        parse.print_help()
        exit(1)

    # get images
    files = [os.path.join(args.folder, fn) for fn in os.listdir(args.folder)]
    images = [fn for fn in files if os.path.splitext(fn)[1].lower() in ('.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png')]
    if not images:
        print('No images for making collage! Please select other directory with images!')
        exit(1)

    # shuffle images if needed
    if args.shuffle:
        random.shuffle(images)

    print('Making collage...')
    res = make_collage(images, args.output, args.width, args.init_height)
    if not res:
        print('Failed to create collage!')
        exit(1)
    print('Collage is ready!')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Answer 1

最简单的方法是使用glob.glob()和os.listdir()，尽管glob()使用bash语法，因此需要输入*_us*。

第一次进口：

from glob import glob

然后添加一个“模式”可选位置arg：

parse.add_argument('-p', '--pattern', nargs="?", default=None, help="enter a grep-like expansion.")

最后，将# get images下的行更改为如下所示：

if args.pattern:
    files = [fn for fn in glob(os.path.join(args.folder, args.pattern))]
else:
    files = [os.path.join(args.folder, fn) for fn in os.listdir(args.folder)]