试图在python中更快地呈现ASCII艺术

Question

我试图在python中构建一个基于文本的开放世界游戏。

world = [["=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","=","="],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
     [" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "],
    ]

for i in world:
    for j in i:
        print(j, end="")
    print("")

这段代码成功地打印了世界地图，尽管速度有点慢。有没有提高性能的方法？最终，我希望有一个巨大的地图，玩家可以移动，与敌人互动，NPC等。有什么办法，我可以加快渲染，以获得比.1 FPS更好？

我在Python3.7空闲版。

谢谢!

Answer 1

String已经是python中的只读迭代器。所以你可以做这样的事

world = [
    "  X  ",
    " XXX ",
    " X   ",
    ]
for row in world:
    print(row)

但是，您确实应该尽量减少对print的更多调用，这是很慢的。也许你只能用一个三倍引号的字符串？

world = """\
  X  
 XXX 
  X   """

print(world)

哪个字符串可以通过计数(i,j)元素前面的字符数来访问它。每一行都有board_width + 1字符(不要忘记计算换行符)，在元素(i,j)之前有j行。另外，在0上索引时，i元素与(i,j)在同一行，但在(i,j)的左侧，所以(i,j)元素是world[(row_width + 1) * j + i]。

如果您想保持双数组，因为它是可变的，那么在打印它之前，考虑将它合并到一个字符串中。为此，请使用map在一次调用中合并每一行。

displayedWorld = "\n".join(map("".join, world))

edit1:您可以像TrebuchetMS那样理解列表，但实际上它在python3中构建了一个列表，map将创建一个迭代器，它不需要在调用"\n".map之前存储所有已转换的行，而是动态计算转换行的列表，而不将它们存储在列表中。

edit2:对于世界的部分呈现，只需在构建字符串之前使用列表的范围选择即可。例如，worldj1 1:j2只包含从索引j1 (包括)到索引j2 (排除的)的世界行。因此，如果要显示从(i,j)生成的具有维度(w,h)的矩形，请执行以下操作：

displayedWorld = "\n".join(map(lambda row: "".join(row[i:i+w]), world[j:j+h]))

这使用了一个新的成语lambda，它只是一个未命名的函数。lambda lambda row: "".join(row)等效于方法"".join。因此，lambda row: "".join(row[i:i+w])只将行中的i和i+w合并。注意，在这个世界上，我们也只选择了从j到j+h的行。

Answer 2

使用.join()可以快速地将列表串在一起。

print('\n'.join([''.join(row) for row in world]))

空闲时，print的开销很大。您最好希望在打印字符串之前编译它，以获得最佳性能。

Answer 3

如果您在linux / osx上，可以查看curses。使用该库，您可以单独绘制像素，而不是每次都重新绘制。

当涉及到一个巨大的地图时:只绘制当前可见的地图部分。