你和你的朋友们正开车去提华纳度假。你在为旅行省钱,所以你想在路上尽量减少汽油的费用。为了将你的汽油成本降到最低,你和你的朋友们汇编了以下信息。首先,你的车可以可靠地在一罐汽油上行驶数百英里(但不能再行驶了)。你的一个朋友已经从网络上挖掘了加油站的数据,并在你的路线上绘制了每一个加油站,以及加油站的汽油价格。Specifi,他们创建了一个从最近到最远的fi加油站价格列表,以及相邻两个加油站之间的n个距离的列表。塔科马是0号加油站,蒂华纳是n号加油站。为了方便起见,他们将汽油的价格折算为每英里乘坐你的车的价格。此外,还计算了相邻两个加油站之间以英里为单位的距离。你将以满罐汽油开始你的旅程,当你到达提华纳时,你将为返回旅程做好准备。你需要确定在哪个加油站停下来,以尽量减少你旅途中的汽油费用。
样本输入:
价格(每英里美分) 12,14,21,14,17,22,11,16,17,12,30,25,27,24,22,15,24,23,15,21
距离(英里) 31,42,31,33,12,34,55,25,34,64,24,13,52,33,23,64,43,25,15
你的车可以在一罐汽油上行驶170英里。
我的产出:
这次旅行的最低费用是:117.35美元
加油站: 1,6,9,13,17,19
我已经解决了这个问题,但我不确定我是否做得对。有人能给我一些建议或指出我的正确方向,如果是错误的吗?提前谢谢你。
public class GasStation {
/** An array of gas prices.*/
private int[] myPrice;
/** An array of distance between two adjacent gas station.*/
private int[] myDistance;
/** Car's tank capacity.*/
private int myCapacity;
/** List of gas stations to stop at to minimize the cost.*/
private List<Integer> myGasStations;
/**
* A constructor that takes in a price list, distance list, and the car's tank capacity.
* @param thePrice - price list
* @param theDistance - distance list
* @param theCapacity - the car's capacity
*/
public GasStation(final int[] thePrice, final int[] theDistance,
final int theCapacity) {
myPrice = thePrice;
myDistance = theDistance;
myCapacity = theCapacity;
myGasStations = new ArrayList<>();
}
/**
* Calculate for the minimum cost for your trip.
* @return minimum cost
*/
public int calculateMinCost() {
int lenP = myPrice.length;
int lenD = myDistance.length;
if (lenP == 0 || lenD == 0 || myCapacity == 0) return 0;
// gas station -> another gas station (moves)
Map<Integer, Integer> gasD = new HashMap<>();
int[] D = new int[lenD + 1];
D[0] = 0;
// calculate the total distance
for (int i = 0; i < lenD; i++) {
D[i + 1] = D[i] + myDistance[i];
}
int len = D.length;
for (int i = 1; i < len - 1; i++) {
int j = len - 1;
while (D[j] - D[i] >= myCapacity) {
j--;
}
gasD.put(i, j - i);
}
int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
int temp = 0;
int cur = i;
List<Integer> tempList = new ArrayList<>();
if (D[i] <= myCapacity) {
temp = D[cur] * myPrice[cur];
tempList.add(cur);
int next = gasD.get(cur) + cur;
while (next < len) {
temp += (D[next] - D[cur]) * myPrice[next];
cur = next;
tempList.add(cur);
if (gasD.containsKey(cur)) next = gasD.get(cur) + cur;
else break;
}
if (temp < min) {
min = temp;
myGasStations = tempList;
}
}
}
return min;
}
/**
* Get gas stations to stop at.
* @return a list of gas stations to stop at
*/
public List<Integer> getGasStations() {
return myGasStations;
}}
发布于 2018-11-20 06:48:25
让station i的最小加注成本表示为cost[i]
在问题陈述中,如何表达这一成本?
我们知道下一次灌装必须在170 miles内完成,而不是上次灌装,
因此,最低成本可以表示如下:
cost[i] = MIN { cost[j] + price[i] * distance_from_i_to_j } for every j such that distance(i,j) <= 170 mi
对于基箱cost[0] = 0,如果我们不考虑station 0的全部油箱成本,否则基本情况是cost[0]= 170 * price[0]
我将假设我们不考虑station 0的全部油箱成本,而且在最后一点,即station 19,不需要再加油。
通过查看上面定义的递归关系,我们可以很容易地注意到同一个子问题被多次调用,这意味着我们可以利用动态规划解来避免可能的指数运行时间。
还要注意的是,由于我们不需要在station 19加注,所以我们应该计算仅通过18 (即cost[1], cost[2], .., cost[18] )在站中重新填充的成本。在这样做之后,问题的答案将是MIN { cost[14], cost[15], cost[16], cost[17], cost[18] },因为位于station 19 170英里范围内的唯一站点是14,15,16,17,18站,所以我们可以通过在这5个站点中的一个重新填充来到达19站。
在用基本情况定义了上述递归关系之后,我们可以通过以下方式将其转换为循环:
int price[] = {12,14,21,14,17,22,11,16,17,12,30,25,27,24,22,15,24,23,15,21}; //total 20 stations
int distance[] = {31,42,31,33,12,34,55,25,34,64,24,13,52,33,23,64,43,25,15}; //total 19 distances
int N=19;
int[] cost = new int[N];
int[] parent = new int[N]; //for backtracking
cost[0] = 0; //base case (assume that we don't need to fill gas on station 0)
int i,j,dist;
int maxroad = 170;
for(i=0; i<N; i++) //initialize backtracking array
parent[i] = -1;
for(i=1; i<=N-1; i++) //for every station from 1 to 18
{
int priceval = price[i]; //get price of station i
int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
dist = 0;
for(j=i-1; j>=0; j--) //for every station j within 170 away from station i
{
dist += distance[j]; //distance[j] is distance from station j to station j+1
if(dist>maxroad)
break;
if((cost[j] + priceval*dist)<min) //pick MIN value defined in recurrence relation
{
min = cost[j] + priceval*dist;
parent[i] = j;
}
}
cost[i] = min;
}
//after all costs from cost[1] up to cost[18] are found, we pick
//minimum cost among the stations within 170 miles away from station 19
//and show the stations we stopped at by backtracking from end to start
int startback=N-1;
int answer=Integer.MAX_VALUE;
i=N-1;
dist=distance[i];
while(dist<=maxroad && i>=0)
{
if(cost[i]<answer)
{
answer = cost[i];
startback=i;
}
i--;
dist += distance[i];
}
System.out.println("minimal cost=" + answer + "\nbacktrack:");
i=startback;
while(i>-1) //backtrack
{
System.out.println(i + " ");
i = parent[i];
}https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53357989
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