Python将值均匀分配到字典中的列表中。

Question

我有以下代码，随机给员工分配数字：

emp_numbers = {}
employees = ['empA', 'empB', 'empC', 'empD', 'empE', 'empF']
numbers = 26
for x in employees:
    emp_numbers[x] = []
emp = list(emp_numbers.keys())

for number in range(1, numbers+1):
    emp_name = choice(emp);
    emp_numbers[emp_name].append(number)
print (emp_numbers)

输出：

{'empA': [4, 25], 'empB': [2, 10, 11, 15, 18, 20, 22, 23], 'empC': [5, 13, 21, 24], 'empD': [3, 6, 7, 8, 12, 16, 19, 26], 'empE': [14], 'EmpF': [1, 9, 17]}

效果很好。然而，我不知道如何使它尽可能均匀地分配数字。有的员工有2个号码，有的有8个号码。有什么建议吗？

谢谢!

Answer 1

假设人数与雇员人数相等，你可以这样做：

import random
import collections


employees = ["empA", "empB", "empC", "empD", "empE", "empF"]  # employee names
numbers = list(range(1, 27))  # numbers from 1..26

emp_numbers = collections.defaultdict(list)  # collects the employee numbers
random.shuffle(numbers)  # shuffle the numbers to distribute

for i, number in enumerate(numbers):  # get the index of the number and the number
    employee = employees[i % len(employees)]  # round-robin over the employees...
    emp_numbers[employee].append(number)  # ... and associate a number with a name.

print(emp_numbers)

产出，如

{'empF': [25, 4, 9, 21], 'empD': [2, 10, 3, 11], 'empE': [18, 5, 17, 15], 'empB': [7, 24, 26, 6, 8], 'empC': [1, 14, 13, 12], 'empA': [16, 23, 20, 19, 22]}

如果数字不均匀可除，一些人会比其他人得到更多的数字。

Answer 2

由于您希望分配所有数字，所以可以随机选择数字的顺序，而不是员工：

numbers = list(range(1, 27))
random.shuffle(numbers)

然后，您可以使用切片来获得每个员工的偶数数字：

for idx, employee in enumerate(employees):
    emp_numbers[employee] = numbers[idx::len(employees)]

[start::n]语法选择从start开始的每个n'th项，第一个雇员得到项目0、6、12、.，第二个得到项目1、7、13、.等等。

import random
# initial setup
employees = ['empA', 'empB', 'empC', 'empD', 'empE', 'empF']
numbers = list(range(1, 26+1))
# dict to hold assignment and randomly shuffled numbers
employee_numbers = {}
random.shuffle(numbers)
# assign shuffled numbers to employees
for idx, employee in enumerate(employees):
    employee_numbers[employee] = numbers[idx::len(employees)]
# print result
print(employee_numbers)