Python: numpy数组的外部积的所有排列之和

Question

我有一个数字数组，Ai和我希望每个外部积(np.outer(Aii，Aij))被用一个比例乘数相加产生H。我可以让它们通过，然后用一个缩放因子的矩阵来拉紧它们。我认为事情可以大大简化，但还没有找到一个通用/有效的方法来实现ND。如何更容易地生产Arr2D和H？注意: Arr2D可以是64个2D数组，而不是8x82D数组。

Ai = np.random.random((8,101))
Arr2D = np.zeros((Ai.shape[0], Ai.shape[0], Ai.shape[1], Ai.shape[1]))
Arr2D[:,:,:,:] = np.asarray([ np.outer(Ai[i], Ai[j]) for i in range(Ai.shape[0]) 
    for j in range(Ai.shape[0]) ]).reshape(Ai.shape[0],Ai.shape[0],Ai[0].size,Ai[0].size)
arr = np.random.random( (Ai.shape[0] * Ai.shape[0]) )
arr2D = arr.reshape(Ai.shape[0], Ai.shape[0])
H = np.tensordot(Arr2D, arr2D, axes=([0,1],[0,1]))

Answer 1

良好的设置，利用einsum！

np.einsum('ij,kl,ik->jl',Ai,Ai,arr2D,optimize=True)

时间安排-

In [71]: # Setup inputs
    ...: Ai = np.random.random((8,101))
    ...: arr = np.random.random( (Ai.shape[0] * Ai.shape[0]) )
    ...: arr2D = arr.reshape(Ai.shape[0], Ai.shape[0])

In [74]: %%timeit # Original soln
    ...: Arr2D = np.zeros((Ai.shape[0], Ai.shape[0], Ai.shape[1], Ai.shape[1]))
    ...: Arr2D[:,:,:,:] = np.asarray([ np.outer(Ai[i], Ai[j]) for i in range(Ai.shape[0]) 
    ...:     for j in range(Ai.shape[0]) ]).reshape(Ai.shape[0],Ai.shape[0],Ai[0].size,Ai[0].size)
    ...: H = np.tensordot(Arr2D, arr2D, axes=([0,1],[0,1]))
100 loops, best of 3: 4.5 ms per loop

In [75]: %timeit np.einsum('ij,kl,ik->jl',Ai,Ai,arr2D,optimize=True)
10000 loops, best of 3: 146 µs per loop

30x+加速了！