修改.emacs时emacs启动错误

Question

我对电子邮件很陌生。我正在尝试使用本指南为Python设置它。它建议的第一步之一是向init.el添加以下内容

;; init.el --- Emacs configuration

;; INSTALL PACKAGES
;; --------------------------------------

(require 'package)

(add-to-list 'package-archives
       '("melpa" . "http://melpa.org/packages/") t)

(package-initialize)
(when (not package-archive-contents)
  (package-refresh-contents))

(defvar myPackages
  '(better-defaults
    material-theme))

(mapc #'(lambda (package)
    (unless (package-installed-p package)
      (package-install package)))
      myPackages)

;; BASIC CUSTOMIZATION
;; --------------------------------------

(setq inhibit-startup-message t) ;; hide the startup message
(load-theme 'material t) ;; load material theme
(global-linum-mode t) ;; enable line numbers globally

;; init.el ends here

因为我有一个.emacs文件，所以我尝试将它附加到这个文件中。之后，我的.emacs看起来像：

(require 'package)
(setq package-archives '(("gnu" . "http://elpa.gnu.org/packages/")
                         ("marmalade" . "http://marmalade-repo.org/packages/")
                         ("melpa" . "http://melpa.milkbox.net/packages/")))
(package-initialize)
(when (not package-archive-contents) (package-refresh-contents))

(let ((default-directory "~/.emacs.d/elpa/"))
    (normal-top-level-add-to-load-path '("."))
    (normal-top-level-add-subdirs-to-load-path))
(custom-set-variables
 ;; custom-set-variables was added by Custom.
 ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
 ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
 ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
 )
(custom-set-faces
 ;; custom-set-faces was added by Custom.
 ;; If you edit it by hand, you could mess it up, so be careful.
 ;; Your init file should contain only one such instance.
 ;; If there is more than one, they won't work right.
 )

;; init.el --- Emacs configuration

;; INSTALL PACKAGES
;; --------------------------------------



(add-to-list 'package-archives
       '("melpa" . "http://melpa.org/packages/") t)

(package-initialize)
(when (not package-archive-contents)
  (package-refresh-contents))

(defvar myPackages
  '(better-defaults
    material-theme))

(mapc #'(lambda (package)
    (unless (package-installed-p package)
      (package-install package)))
      myPackages)

;; BASIC CUSTOMIZATION
;; --------------------------------------

(setq inhibit-startup-message t) ;; hide the startup message
(load-theme 'material t) ;; load material theme
(global-linum-mode t) ;; enable line numbers globally

;; init.el ends here

但是，这会引发错误：

Warning (initialization): An error occurred while loading ‘/Users/adamg/.emacs’:

File error: http://melpa.org/packages/better-defaults-20160601.1219.el, Not found

To ensure normal operation, you should investigate and remove the
cause of the error in your initialization file.  Start Emacs with
the ‘--debug-init’ option to view a complete error backtrace.

运行emacs --debug-init返回：

Debugger entered--Lisp error: (file-error "http://melpa.org/packages/better-defaults-20160601.1219.el" "Not found")
  signal(file-error ("http://melpa.org/packages/better-defaults-20160601.1219.el" "Not found"))
  package-install-from-archive(#s(package-desc :name better-defaults :version (20160601 1219) :summary "Fixing weird quirks and poor defaults" :reqs nil :kind single :archive "melpa" :dir nil :extras ((:url . "https://github.com/technomancy/better-defaults") (:keywords "convenience")) :signed nil))
  mapc(package-install-from-archive (#s(package-desc :name better-defaults :version (20160601 1219) :summary "Fixing weird quirks and poor defaults" :reqs nil :kind single :archive "melpa" :dir nil :extras ((:url . "https://github.com/technomancy/better-defaults") (:keywords "convenience")) :signed nil)))
  package-download-transaction((#s(package-desc :name better-defaults :version (20160601 1219) :summary "Fixing weird quirks and poor defaults" :reqs nil :kind single :archive "melpa" :dir nil :extras ((:url . "https://github.com/technomancy/better-defaults") (:keywords "convenience")) :signed nil)))
  package-install(better-defaults)
  (if (package-installed-p package) nil (package-install package))
  (lambda (package) (if (package-installed-p package) nil (package-install package)))(better-defaults)
  mapc((lambda (package) (if (package-installed-p package) nil (package-install package))) (better-defaults material-theme))
  eval-buffer(#<buffer  *load*> nil "/Users/adamg/.emacs" nil t)  ; Reading at buffer position 1437
  load-with-code-conversion("/Users/adamg/.emacs" "/Users/adamg/.emacs" t t)
  load("~/.emacs" t t)
  #f(compiled-function () #<bytecode 0x400d3941>)()
  command-line()
  normal-top-level()

当我将上面的代码放在单独的init.el文件中时，它不会抛出错误，但它也不会更改启动屏幕或主题。有人能告诉我我做错了什么吗？

Answer 1

您的包存储库内容(本地缓存)已经过时，Emacs正在尝试下载旧的、不再存在的better包版本。

据我所见，这部分的问题是：

(when (not package-archive-contents)
  (package-refresh-contents))

基本上，只有在没有任何信息的情况下才刷新存储库中的包内容(因此只有一次)。在我看来，让它一直更新是很好的，即使Emacs还需要几秒钟才能启动。

Recomendation -删除包刷新的条件，将这两行更改为简单：

(package-refresh-contents)

噢，简单地讲一下配置文件- Emacs尝试从~/.emacs或~/.emacs.d/init.el文件加载配置-按这个顺序而只从其中一个文件加载配置。因此，如果您有.emacs文件，init.el将被忽略。这就是为什么您对init.el的更改没有抛出任何错误- Emacs忽略了该文件，只使用了.emacs。

(顺便说一句。Emacs还记得使用了哪个文件，因此当您使用Emacs内置工具自定义配置时，更改会转到正确的文件)。